Mineral processing of nonferrous metals
Zubareva G.I., Bogomyagkov A.B., Maslov A.V., Zubarev M.P. Study of interaction of nickel (II) with sulfonol in water solution during ionic floatation
The work investigates interaction between cations Ni(II) and anion surface-active material: sulfonol (sodium alkyl benzosulfonates on the basis of paraffins of general formula: [CnH2n+1C6H4SO3Na], where n = 10¸ 14, the average molecular weight is 348, the content of base material is 45.6 %) in water solution with concentrating Ni(II) by ionic flotation that takes place as a result of reaction NiSO4 + 2RNa « R2Ni + Na2SO4, where R is the macroanion comprising hydrocarbon radical [CnH2n+1C6H4SO3]–.
Extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metals
Komkov A.A., Ladygo E.A., Bystrov V.P. Thermodynamic analysis of reducing depletion of slags rich in copper and nickel
The paper describes the thermodynamic analysis of the high copper and nickel containing slag reducing depletion process followed by transfer of nonferrous metals into liquid metal alloy. The Cu- Ni- Fe system state diagrams at 1300, 1350, and 1400 ° C were calculated. The effect of liquid alloy composition and temperature on solubility of copper and nickel in slags is considered. It is shown that reducing depletion on alloy can be carried out only at low nickel concentration in the alloy. Higher temperatures of alloy which require increased power consumptions in the industrial application are necessary for copper-nickel slags with Ni/Cu ratios more than ~0,3. The results obtained are important for well-grounded choice of copper and nickel rich slag depletion conditions.
Metallurgy of less-common and precious metals
Kazanbaev L.A., Pashkov G.L., Kulmukhamedov G.K., Fleitlikh I.Yu., Kozlov P.A., Zagrebin S.A., Nikiforova L.K., Kopanev A.M., Girshengorn A.P., Kolesnikov A.V., Baskakov E.P. Extraction of indium out of sulfate solutions by mixtures of di(-2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric and monocarboxylic acids
The data of the laboratory studies related to development of indium extraction out of zinc sulfate solutions by mixtures of di(-2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) - HR and monocarboxylic acids (caprylic acid, synthetic fatty acid (SFA) - HA) are given. Introduction of HA into the organic phase is shown to give rise to degradation of extraction, as caused by strong intermolecular interaction between organic acids (HR and HA). The effect was applied to simplify re-extraction of indium out of the organic phase. Optimal composition of the extractant was determined for extraction of indium out of zinc solutions: 0,35 M DEHPA + 2,5 М SFA in oil paraffins. The solutions of sulfuric acid (300- 400 g/dm3) with addition of chloride ion (20 g/dm3 sodium chloride) were proposed to use as a re-extractant. Extraction of indium in the extraction process amounts to 97- 99 % under these conditions. The process developed in the laboratory conditions was examined during industrial tests and applied in Chelyabinsk Electrolytic Zinc Plant on February 2002.
Casting production
Znamensky L.G., Kulakov B.A., Erdakov I.N. Beha-vior in production of sand blends and casting molds out of materials on the basis of “gypsym¾ metal¾ phosphate solution” for non-ferrous casting
A mechanism of the effect of metal-phosphate solutions on the plaster blend solidification rate was proposed on the basis of the theoretical and experimental studies carried out. Optimal parameters of metal-phosphate solution processing by non-sinusoidal electromagnetic pulses were found and determined. High-effective process of manufacture of plaster molds was developed for art investment castings.
Metal Forming
Ovchinnikov A.V., Nosov V.K., Mamonov S.A. Main behaviors and ranges of application of hydrogen plasticization of titanium alloys
A possibility of applying the effect of hydrogen plasticization of titanium alloys in metal forming processes depending on deformation temperature has been studied. Based on the results of laboratory investigations and experimental-industrial tests, conclusions on expediency of using hydrogen plasticization of different classes of titanium alloys were made.
Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment
Levinsky Yu.V. The p¾ T¾ x-diagram of the Al¾ Ni system
Using the available data on the thermodynamics of alloys of the aluminum-nickel system, p- T-diagram and isobaric and isothermal p- T- x-diagrams of the system in the concentration intervals of NAl = 0¸ 1, temperature ranges of 600- 1800 ° C, and pressures of 10- 7- 103 Pa were calculated and derived.
Morozova E.A. The effect of laser alloying on the change in structure and physical-mechanical properties of titanium surface layers
The paper considers the effect of laser surface alloying by nickel, chromium, iron, manganese as well as their compositions on modification of physical and mechanical properties of the surface layers on titanium metal. The structure and properties of titanium surface alloying by nickel and iron at different operating conditions of laser processing are analyzed. The optimal operating conditions resulting in uniform fine-grained structure of improved properties are found. Employment of combined two-layer coatings for improvement of physical and mechanical properties of the surface layers is regarded as expedient.
Illarionov E.I. Study of structure and mechanical properties of titanium a -alloys of VT5 and VT5-1
The effect of heat treatment on structure and mechanical properties of VT5 and VT5-1 titanium alloys was studied. Annealing temperature followed by cooling in water and the air amounted to 573- 1473 K with an interval of 50 K. The curves of changing the properties show both maximum and minimum extremums. Changes in structure and properties of the alloys studied can be explained by recovery and recrystallization processes running at different temperatures, distribution of alloying elements of the structural components as well as possible redistribution of impurities between body and boundaries of grains.
Powder Materials and Coatings
Andreev E.I., Bocharov A.S., Ivanov A.V., Libenson G.A., Lisin A.N., Malovik V.V. Appraisal of efficient processes of producing fuel pellets of UO2 powder using the “active” pore dynamics model
An experimental-theoretical model was proposed for calculation of a portion of “active” pores during compacting and pressing pellets of uranium dioxide powder. The model makes it possible to obtain a comparative appraisal of used different techniques of powder metallurgy with relation to effectiveness of formation and behavior of “active” pores.
Structural Macrokinetics. Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
Kurbatkina V.V., Kolesnichenko K.V., Levashov E.A., Rybin I.G. Study of interactions in the Ti¾ Cr¾ C system at mechanical activation of starting charge blend in planetary grinding mill
The Ti–Cr–C system of low-exothermic effect has been studied by X-ray phase and differential thermal analyses as well as electronic scanning microscopy and low-temperature gas adsorption. The mixtures of starting components were mechanically activated. An estimate of contribution of mechanical activation energy into the combustion process activation energy was made. The effect of activating process modes on the structure and properties of the starting charge was studied. Simultaneous formation of some carbide phases makes it possible to produce material of fine-dispersed microstructure. Preliminary activation of the charge was shown to allow producing low-porous targets by SHS-compaction for magnetron coating.
Smirnov K.L., Borovinskaya I.P. Behavior of formation of sialon ceramic material structure synthesized during infiltration combustion in gas nitrogen
The results of the studies of synthesizing ceramic materials on the basis of b -sialons in infiltration combustion mode in high-pressure nitrogen gas are given. It is shown that when forming their structure the deformation shrinkage, intensity of which depends on nitrogen pressure in the process chamber of the reactor, sample size as well as the content of combustible components and oxides in the starting mixture, plays an important part. The most favorable conditions for production of high-density material are implemented under layer-by-layer mode of infiltration combustion. The ceramics being synthesized is characterized by high resistance to thermal loads and corrosion action of metallurgical melts.
Trusov D.V., Maidan D.A., Bichurov G.V. Study of process parameters of titanium nitride synthesis from titanium oxide in the combustion mode
The fundamental possibility of using titanium oxide was shown for synthesis of titanium nitride using aside SHS-technology. The effect of a component ration the Ti–NaN3–TiO2 systems, pressure of external nitrogen in the reactor, charging density and initial charge density on the maximum temperature and linear combustion rate, content of the base material in the synthesis product, and acid-base balance of titanium nitride after the synthesis was investigated. The X-ray phase analysis of the 8¸ 11Ti–4NaN3–TiO2 system showed entire transfer of titanium and its oxide into the single-phase titanium nitride. The content of the base material in the finished product amounted to 96–98 %.
Energy saving and environment protection
Kushchev L.A., Shaptala V.G., Okuneva G.L., Karpman V.B. Mathematical model of drop collecting process in wet inertial electrostatic filter
A mathematical model of drop recovery process in a wet inertial electrostatic filter combined with the inertial drop catcher was developed. The model comprises equations of movement, charging, and coagulation of drop aerosol and their deposition in the drop catcher.
Process control and automation
Sirichenko A.V. Situation control of concentration mode of aluminum electrolyzer using fuzzy logic
Algorithms of diagnostics and control of concentration mode in the aluminum electrolyzers, alumina feeding of which is performed with the help of different movable mechanisms have been developed. The apparatus of fuzzy mathematical logic was used for the purpose of formalization of qualitative expert information.
Samygin V.D., Grigoriev P.V., Filippov L.O., Ignatkina V.A., Sharie F. Reactor with automated control of precipitate formation kinetics
A new automated plant was developed for investigation of depositions under changes of mixer speed, metal ion concentration, and methods of precipitating-agent feeding methods. The precipitating reactor of the plant is temperature-controlled, operates in different hydrodynamic modes and it is equipped with ion-selective and optical sensors and additionally completed with special electrodes for determination of thermodynamic parameters of precipitate formation. The change of all parameters is set in time. An IBM-compatible computer with additionally set parallel port was used for controlling the plant. The plant can be used for investigations in two fields depending on how the reactor and electrodes are used: as electrochemical cell or for chemical precipitation when the control of process kinetics is executed with the electrodes.
Chronicle
The 80th Anniversary of Sergei Pavlovich Raspopin
