Mineral Processing
Skrylev L.D., Menchuk V.B., Soldatkina L.M. Flotation extraction of uranium (VI) in the form of uranyl hydroxide from diluted aqueous solutions
The process of flotation extraction of uranium (VI) as uranyl hydroxide, waterproofed by decyl-, dodecyl-, tetradecyl- and hexadecyl pyridine bromides has been studied. It was shown that 95-100 % flotation extraction of uranium is reached at a consumption of 0,6-1,0 mole of hexadecyl pyridine bromide per a mole of uranium. It is established that at a consumption of 1,2 mole of hexadecyl pyridine bromide per a mole of uranium, the flotation of uranyl hydroxide is carried out at positive values of z -potential of extracted particles (in this case the degree of flotation extraction of uranium is only 10-20 %). An increase in time period of flotation results in changing the values of z -potential of extracted particles close to isoelectric state (in this case the degree of flotation extraction of uranium is only 95-100 %).
Strizhko V.S., Shekhirev D.V., Abryutin D.V., Bernatskaya A.V. A study of hydrodynamic performances of the column flotation machine
The method of ion flotation using sodium diethylditiocarbamate (DEDTC) was proposed for purification of industrial solutions. The advantages of this method are given as compared with solvent extraction and ion exchange. A laboratory column flotation machine of 185 cm in height and 3.4 cm in diameter was used for the experiments carried out under the conditions of the constant volume gas content and feed flow rate of 0.0133, 0.02, 0.025, and 0.033 dm3/s. The average time of particles stay in the column and the longitudinal agitation coefficient were calculated with using one-dimensional diffusion model of flow structure in the column apparatus, which was realized in BASIC. The longitudinal agitation coefficient is ascertained to practically depend on no feed flow rate, and its values are 3–6 cm2/c.
Delitsyn L.M., Melentiev G.V., Delitsuna L.V. Pyrochemical processing of rare-metal raw material
The pyrochemical processing of low-grade minerals is founded on the mechanism of decomposing the condensed silicate-salt systems to two (or more) immiscible melts under the specified thermodynamic parameters (P, T, C). Equilibrium liquid phases (melts), which concentrate metallic minerals and less-common metals, are processed into finished products in accordance with their composition and properties. The performance capabilities of the pyrochemical process are shown as to involving the rare-earth phosphate, salt borosulfate, tungsten- and molybdenum-bearing raw materials into the processing.
Extractive metallurgy of light nonferrous metals
Nikolaev I.V., Zakharov V.I., Khairullina R.T. Acid methods of red mud processing: problems and prospects
The paper shows the capability of extracting the rare-earth metals by strong acids (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4) from red mud of the aluminous production with minimum salt background. The experimental-industrial realization of the complex processing flowsheet of red mud with the help of used pickling solutions from the ferrous metallurgy is confirmed with obtaining Al-Fe-coagulant and Si-stoff. A basic opportunity is established as to extraction of rare-earth metals, Al, and Si from red mud with the help of organic acids and microorganisms, which produce them. The flowsheet of rare-metal extraction from red mud using biosorption has been developed and used.
Yampurov M.L., Lainer Yu.A., Balmaeva L.M. Interaction of roasted carbonaceous rock with sulfuric and hydrochloric acids
A study is made on the interaction of carbonaceous rock, mined at the deposit near Moscow, roasted at 600 oC, and exposed to magnetic separation, and sulfuric and hydrochloric acids with using the probabilistic-deterministic design of experiments, the Latin squares, and Protodiakonov equation. Under optimal conditions the extraction of alumina into acid solutions reaches 80–82 %, and calculated extraction is 81–83 %. Sufficiently good filterability of acid pulp, which amounts to 200–400 kg/(m2Ч hr), has been got. Carbonaceous rock can be used for producing coagulants (aluminum sulfate and oxychloride), alumina, and building materials.
Extractive metallurgy of less-common metals
Kulifeev V.K., Kosinkin V.D., Shatalov V.V. Prospects of the production and application of rare-earth metals in the industry of the Russian Federation
The paper is a review. The structure of rare-earth metal consumption, the production and consumption of rare-earth metals in Russia and the USA, and prices for metals and oxides are given. An alteration in the structure of rare-earth metal consumption in view of the development of new branches of the industry is noted. The rare-earth primary products resources in Russia and the characteristics of ores and concentrates are described. The performances of the old and new primary product processing techniques are given. Russia is shown to have rare-earth primary products (which are differentiated by preparedness states), and there are experienced force, existing scientific manpower, and under-utilized enterprises. A conclusion on the prospects of the development of the rare-earth metal production and consumption in Russia has been made.
Casting Production
Chursin V.M., Semenov K.G. Rational utilization of iron-contaminated copper scrap at metallurgical enterprises
The metallurgical and casting properties of the metal produced by iron-contaminated, rolled copper scrap remelting have been studied. An opportunity of utilizing this copper as a charge to prepare smelts and produce shaped castings for the parts of metallurgical equipment with acceptable heat conductivity is shown. The applied data of deoxidizing power of iron impurities in copper and casting properties of such smelts are given.
Metal Forming
Shcherba V.N., Ovechkin V.V., Alferov V.N., Spichak M.G., Yeliseev A.N. Improvement in the press forming process of 2024 and 7075 alloy bars
The results of experiments on press-forming under the active friction forces of bars made of 2024 and 7075 alloys in the redesigned press P8546 of 35 MN force are described. The increase in ratio of the container and ram velocities from 1.16 up to 1.21 is shown to rise not only maximum speed of flow of alloys, but homogeneity of the structure and the level of mechanical properties of the bars as well.
Kharitonov E.A., Alekseev P.L., Savchenko V.S. Theoretical determination of temperature field during radial-shearing rolling
A mathematical model has been developed which concerns the temperature field of a rotating billet during radial-shearing rolling taking the contact heat exchange with the rollers on the basis of two-dimensional equation of heat conductivity by implicit finite difference method. The calculation of temperature distribution in the metal under different conditions of the contact to the rolling tool has been made.
Nesterov D.V., Romanenko V.P., Kharitonov E.A. An analytical method for determination of metal deformation in production of bended rolled-formed sections on the basis of the theory of shells
A method of theoretical determination of metal strain tensor for every point of bended elements in roll-formed sections in the shaping center has been given. Constructively definable in modeling of the bending process, the dependences between Lagrangian coordinates on the median surface of the shape and space Euler coordinates are initial data. The method is realized as a subprogram of the computer-aided design system of rolling tool in shaping mills.
Powder Materials and Coatings
Levashov E.A., Rakhbari R.G., Ivanov A.N., Senatulin B.R. Macrokinetics of the processes taking place during burning of SHS-mixtures in the Ti-Al-B system. The phase and structure formation of compacted targets on the basis of titanium diboride and aluminide for ion-plasma spraying
A necessity for development and manufacture of new composite targets on the basis of titanium diboride and aluminide has been grounded for production of high-wear-resistant thin-film ion-plasma coatings. Complex researches of the processes taking place during burning of the mixtures having different compositions in the Ti-B-Al system have been carried out. The phase and structure formation of synthesis products was studied. The increase in boron concentration with fixed titanium content in the charge mixture is shown to result in noticeable rise of burning rate and prevailing role of boride formation in the alloy structure generation. The initial charge mixture dependencies of composite target makeup, titanium diboride grain size, and material hardness are plotted. The delay time is found to be an important SHS-compaction process parameter, which identifies the alloy microstructure in the system studied, and not only from the point of view of residual porosity minimizing.
Yermolaev A.A., Laptev A.I., Polyakov V.P. The effect of the catalyst alloy composition on the synthesis mechanism and the phase composition of polycrystalline carbonado diamond
Polycrystalline carbonado diamonds were synthesized (pressure 8.0 GPa, temperature 1800–1900 K, high-pressure toroidal chamber) over catalyst alloys of the nickel–chromium and nickel–molybdenum systems of different chromium and molybdenum contents. The chemical composition of the polycrystalline metallic phase is found to well coincide with the chemical composition of the starting catalyst alloy. In introducing the particles of blende boron nitride and aluminum oxide up to 30 m m in size into the starting catalyst alloy, they penetrate to the "carbonado" volume, making it possible to estimate the dimensions of the channel porosity in this grade of polycrystalline diamonds.
Heat Engineering and Environment Protection in Metallurgy
Klimov M.A., Koblova N.S., Miroshkina L.A., Gromov S.V., Muratova S.Yu. The effect of the environment on children disease incidences in Vidnoe town, Moscow province
The effect of anthropogenic atmospheric pollution of surrounding environment on the man health has been studied. Quantitative dependence of population health on environment pollution was found. The model developed was tested on the example of Vidnoe town situated near Moscow, Lenin region.
Zaitsev E.D. Improvement in the method of galvanocoagulation of detrimental impurities in industrial wastewaters
An information review is given which covers methods, facilities, and development in the field of the galvanocoagulation processes for industrial wastewater treatment for ions of heavy and non-ferrous metals, arsenic, fluorine, cyanides, oil, and oil products. Electric power supply from an external source and sheet steel are not required to carry out the galvanocoagulation process. A necessity to apply galvanocoagulation agents with active hydrodynamic conditions is shown. New galvanocoagulation agents with active hydrodynamic conditions, i.e. with a fluidized bed, including a stagnated bed, as well as a combined apparatus of vibration boiling bed, are proposed.
