Extractive Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals
Sharshin V.N., Kechin V.A., Skitovich S.V., Trikhaev S.V., Chrnova L.A. Aluminothermic reduction of zinc from powder-like fraction of dross
Extraction of zinc from the powder-like fraction of dross that is formed in production of galvanized articles by hot galvanizing has been studied. The process of thermoflux aluminothermic remelting of dross was developed. The requirements to flux compositions were formulated to perform the thermoflux aluminothermic remelting, and an optimal flux composition was determined. The main process variables were experimentally determined when metal yield was 71,2 % and the metal contained up to 99 % zinc and 0,44-0,38 % iron.
Voropanova L.A., Lisitsina O.G. A study of anode sludge produced during the electrolysis of zinc used as a catalyst of oxidizing processes
Anode sludge produced on lead anode during electrochemical extraction from acid sulfate solutions has been studied by X-ray phase analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and preparative-analytical method. Anode sludge has a complex physical-chemical structure and a composition corresponding to oxides and hydroxides in the highest degrees of oxidation, transition metal compounds of changing valency, which crystallize in structures of catalytic activity in oxidation reactions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
Extractive Metallurgy of Less-Common and Precious Metals
Malyshev V.V., Sarychev S.Yu., Uskova N.N., Shapoval V.I., Kushkhov Kh.B., Soloviev V.V. Electrometallurgy of tungsten in melts
A review of experimental works on electrochemical deposition of tungsten from the melts is given. The electrolytes used are systematized depending on the deposit structure.
Metal Forming
Solomonov K.N., Kostarev I.V., Kostarev V.I., Listrov E.A. Determination of flow resistance into the wide die cavities
In the processes of die forging, different bosses are frequently used as process methods to produce aluminum alloy parts free of defects with stiffening ribs. The relations were derived making it possible to determine the flow resistance into the wide die cavities for cited bosses. This enables us to determine boundary conditions to draw up a volume epure of contact pressures over all die impression. Based on the formulas obtained, a flowing metal pattern in any moment of deformation of a primary part can be drawn up. A dependence of metal flow resistance coefficient into the die cavity on cavity parameters and amount of metal flowing into it has been examined.
Mochalov N.A., Kurenkov V.A., Letin N.A. Application of eddy-current quality control method of copper and copper-alloy tubes at OAO “Kolchugin Works for Non-Ferrous Metal Working”
The eddy-current quality control method of copper and copper-alloy tubes of different grades has been applied in the industrial process. The method began to be applied as alternative to hydraulic tests, making it possible to determine defects more effectively during the production of tubes by drawing and cold rolling. The application of the method promoted the reorientation of the production, the processing and engineering services to defectless tube production in accordance with a customer's requirements and improved the competitiveness of the tubes in the market.
Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment
Belova S.B., Kolachev B.A., Vilkov V.I. On diffusion of interstitial elements in titanium
A review of diffusive mobility of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon in a - and b -titanium is given. The parameters of temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and oxygen in titanium are evaluated by statistic analysis.
Barsukov A.D., Trots V.S. On calculation of lattice spacings of solid solutions on the basis of nickel and the correlation between difference of mean atomic volumes and inner magnetic moment
Lattice spacings of solid solutions based on nickel have been calculated. In the calculation the values of atomic volumes and the concept of the number of bonding electrons or the number of electrons on bonding orbitals were used. A good conformity between experimental and calculated values of lattice spacings was obtained; the variation did not exceed the experimental error. Using the calculated atomic volumes, a correlation between difference of mean volumes and inner magnetic moment was found in two-component solid solutions based on nickel.
Powder Materials and Coatings
Yermolaev A.A., Laptev A.I., Sannikov D.S. Synthesis of carbonado diamond polycrystals in the nickel–chromium–carbon system
The effect of alloys being as catalyzers for the nickel–chromium–carbon system on the process of formation and properties of carbonado polycrystalline diamonds has been studied. Alloys catalyzing the carbonado synthesis were produced by powder metallurgy. It was established that the decrease in strength of carbonado with increase in chromium content above 10 % in the catalyzing alloy on basis of nickel is connected with generation of chromium carbides and the heat stability of carbonado with increase in chromium content somewhat rises.
Structural Macrokinetics. Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
Levashov E.A., Malochkin O.V., Kudryashov A.E. Investigation of nanocrystalline powder ZrO2 in titanium and chromium carbides based STIM-3B alloy production
The effect of additives of nanocrystalline zirconium oxide powder on macrokinetics of burning process of Ti–Cr–C–Ni mixtures as well as the composition, structure, and physical-mechanical properties of STIM-3B alloy produced according to the process of power SHS-compaction has been studied. Minor ZrO2 additive results in 2–4-fold modification of alloy structure and increase in bending strength, hardness, and crack resistance. A mechanism is proposed which explains the positive role of relatively inert nanocrystalline filling material in formation of alloy structure.
Seplyarsky B.S., Ivleva T.P., Levashov E.A., Kharlamov E.I. Mathematic modeling of thermoreactive electrospark hardening process
Physical and mathematical models of thermoreactive electrospark hardening are described. A calculation algorithm of the main characteristics of electrospark alloying by reactive electrode is given and three calculation series has been carried out. Ranges of realization parameters of stationary thermoreactive electrospark hardening conditions are determined. The electrode operation is shown to depend on the relation between ignition and melting temperatures of synthesis products. Graphic dependencies of transformation depth distribution, surface temperature, and heat storage in various moments of time are given.
Surface engineering. multifunction films. corrosion and metal protection
Kanunnikova O.M., Skryabina N.E., Gilmutdinov F.Z., Petrov A.S., Bayankin V.Ya. Segregation processes in surface layers of amorphous Fe78Si113,5B4Nb3,5Cu alloy during electrolytic hydrogenation
The effect of electrolytic hydrogenation on the structure and composition of the surface layer of Fe–Si–B based amorphous alloys has been studied. Electrolytic hydrogenation of such alloys results in redistribution of the components in the surface layer. Fe–Fe bonds weakening in the presence of hydrogen gives rise to the rupture of initial BCC-like structure and the formation of intermediate unstable FeSi (or FeSi2) complexes, which rupture during elimination of hydrogen (degassing and interaction with niobium).
Ostrikov O.M. Speed of twinning of bismuth irradiated by boron and nitrogen ions
The effect of implanting boron and nitrogen ions on the change of regular speed of twinning boundary movement depending on shear stress in the twinning plane has been studied. The irradiation was carried out by boron and nitrogen ions of 25 keV energy and 1017 ion/cm2 dose. The twinning of the crystals was run under impulse load at impulse duration of 10- 4–10- 5 s and stress amplitude of (0,2–2,0)× 103 g/mm2. It is found that the irradiation of bismuth monocrystals by boron and nitrogen ions results in shifting the dependence vn = vn(t ) to the zone of lower stresses.
Heat Engineering and Environment Protection in Metallurgy
Davidson A.M., Voronin P.A., Kolosova L.A. The calculation of heat exchange in articles on pallets without taking longitudinal heat exchange into account in muffle electric sintering furnaces
The procedure and calculation formulas for alteration of article and pallet temperature during heating in muffle furnaces are given.
Process Control and Automation
Sokolov M.V., Stepanenko V.I., Zalazinsky A.G., Lisin A.L. Simulation of titanium-sponge bar extrusion process
Mathematical and full-scale modeling of the process of direct axially symmetric extrusion of bars from titanium sponge has been carried out. In the course of mathematical modeling the optimal technological parameters of extrusion to secure minimum residual porosity in extruded bars and shapes are determined. When using the results of the modeling, the mathematical apparatus and the technique to predict porosity in semi-finished products extruded from titanium sponge are suggested. Comparison of the results of mathematical and full-scale modeling shows the opportunity of applying mathematical models for practical application.
Economics and Management
Larionova I.A., Oreshkina A.I. Analysis of methods for estimation of enterprise bankruptcy risk
An analysis of different methods of estimating the risk of enterprise bankruptcy has been executed. Proposals for development of the methods are given.
Mochalov N.A., Troinov S.V. Application of the automated system of administrative and financial management at an enterprise
The paper comprises the description of problems and methods of their solving when applying the automated control system for the “Galaxy” programmed complex.
Chronicle
Oleg Miletievich Katkov
