Extractive metallurgy of nonferrous metals
Burylev B.P., Kritsky V.E., Tsemekhman L.Sh. Thermodynamic properties of dissolved sulfur solutions in liquid cobalt
A conversion process of liquid cobalt containing little sulfur concentration into vapor was investigated experimentally by evaporation out of the cylindrical furnaces with different height to radius ratio in vacuum. Pressure of saturated cobalt and sulfur vapors, evaporation coefficient and liquid cobalt activity coefficient were determined. The results are being compared with those obtained by the authors earlier with the help of other methods as well as the literature data of other authors for liquid cobalt and the cobalt–sulfur system.
Zhumashev K.Zh. Systematized scientific approach to solving the problem of arsenic and sulfur in the production
A classification of arsenic-containing stock and intermediate products on the basis of uniformity of phase composition has been proposed, which allows determining total processes for every class. The new studied chemical reactions and diagrams (FeAsS–Fe2O3, FeAsS–FeSO4) of reagent consumption dependence of quantitative and qualitative arsenic and sulfur removal into gas phase promote choosing necessary process conditions.
Extractive Metallurgy of Less-Common and Precious Metals
Naumov A.V. A review of the world market of indium (Economy of indium)
A review of the current state of the world and Russian markets of indium and indium-containing products was made based on the publications of the last years.
Rychkov V.N., Tsevin A.P. Sorption of zirconium out of sulfate-fluoride solutions by aminocarboxylic polyampholytes
The results of design and experimental data on sorption of zirconium ions out of sulfate-fluoride solutions by aminocarboxylic ampholytes are considered and discussed. Zirconium is shown to be sorbed from the given solutions in the form of different complex ions. The equilibrium of Zr ions in the given process was studied. Their behavior during sorption from the sulfuric and fluorine-hydrogen acid solutions as well as ammonium sulfate in a wide range of their concentrations is explained from the position of ionic metal state in the solution, structure, and functional feature of ionites. The conclusions made on the sorption chemistry are confirmed by the data of IR spectroscopy.
Mineev G.G., Zhuchkov I.A. Technological investigations of solubility of gold in chloride-hypochlorite medium
The processing characteristics of chloride-hypochlorite (CHC) dissolvent in agitating and percolation processing behaviors were studied with three kinds of natural gold-containing ore objects, which are promising for underground and heap leaching. The optimal leaching conditions with the help of CHC dissolvent of each kind of ore being studied in the agitating behavior were established. A possibility of effective process proceeding in subacid medium (pH = 6,0÷6,5) was confirmed. Comparison of the CHC dissolvent action with cyanic dissolvent showed that the composition being studied in its kinetic properties and the gold extraction value exceeds cyanide however it is inferior to cyanic media with respect to silver extraction. To estimate the CHC dissolvent action under the conditions modeling gold leaching in the geotechnical processes, the experiments on percolation ore-processing behavior were carried out. A possibility of sufficiently intensive dissolution of gold during filtration of ores was found: about 77 % of metal is removed into the solution for 400 h of infiltration.
Alkatseva V.M. Electroconductivity of alkali solutions of sodium tungstate and molybdate
Using the method of the multifactor experiment planning we carried out a study of the electric conductivity (c ) dependence of alkaline (NaOH) solutions of sodium tungstanate and molibdate on their composition and temperature. The mathematical models combining the electric conductivity of the corresponding solutions with MeO3 (10- 150 g/dm3), NaOH (20- 200 g/dm3) contents in them and temperature (20- 70 ° C) were obtained. The conditions providing the maximum c in the studied field of the factor space were determined using the models with the nonlinear programming method. Kolraush’s formula was used to describe the temperature c dependence. For the purpose of distribution of the obtained data on the solution of the other compositions, models of the solution composition dependence of specific electric conductivity at t = 25 ° C and temperature coefficient were proposed.
Casting Production
Belov V.D., Selivanov A.A., Kucheryaev S.A. The effect of special modifying treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of piston eutectic silumin
A possibility of producing the structure of hypereutectic Al–Si alloy from eutectic piston silumin with mass quantity of 10- 12 % silicon was studied. The effect of special modifying treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of AK12MMgN alloy was found.
Metal Forming
Polyakov A.P. On model of porous material taking geometry of pores into account
A model of plastic compressible porous medium is considered subject to fluidity of cylindrical kind and determinative ratios connected with this condition, providing independent shearing mechanism and compaction of porous mass. Dependences that allow us to take various pore geometries into account were produced for the model described. The mathematical modeling of press forming of incompact material in a cylindrical mold with taking pore form variation in the forming process into account was carried out for illustration of the ratios taken.
Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment
Zolotorevsky V.S., Bryantsev P.Yu., Portnoi V.K., Levchenko V.S., Zhirnova M.V. Investigation of the effect of Mn, Cu, Cr additives on structure of ingots made of Al–Mg–Si alloys at thermal treatment
The effect of Mn, Cu, and Cr additives on the structure of the Al–Mg–Si system alloys was investigated during heat treatment. The efficiency of the isothermal holding temperature rise during homogenizing annealing as high as 600 ° C was shown thus providing more full proceeding of fragmentation and spheroidization of Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2. Thermokinetic diagrams of decomposition of aluminum solid solution in three alloys studied during ingot cooling from the homogenization temperature were plotted; the temperatures of the decomposition (Al) beginning and end as well as their dependence on ingot cooling rate after isothermal holding. It was found that change of ingot cooling rate after homogenization in the range of 200–800 ° C/h affects poorly the completeness of decomposition (Al). Various kinetics of dissolution of secondary extraction of Mg2Si in the homogenized ingots of different alloys after short-term (2,5 min) heating to the pressing temperature and during plastic deformation was found.
Belov N.A., Avksentieva N.N. Analysis of five-component state diagrams in the field of compositions of piston silumins
The article proposes the structures of the five-component nickel-containing Al–Cu–Mg–Ni–Si, Al–Fe–Mg–Ni–Si, and Al–Cu–Fe–Ni–Si state diagrams in the field of compositions of piston silumins including distribution of the phase fields in the solid state, polythermal diagram, and crystallization reactions. Being at little concentration, iron is shown to be predominantly in quaternary compound Al8FeMg3Si6, and when its content is larger, formation of Al9FeNi and Al5FeSi phases shall be expected.
Powder Materials and Coatings
Lobanov M.V., Lobova T.A., Shevchenko D.N., Sviridova T.A. Interaction in the MoSe2–Ni, Fe, Cr systems during formation of lubricating coatings by thermodiffusion synthesis in selenium vapors
Some features of formation of molybdenum diselenide coatings on the steel substrates with plasma Mo-coatings were found by thermodiffusion synthesis. It was established that the MoSe2 coating structure becomes disordered when porosity of molybdenum is greater than critical one (10 %), since the favorable conditions are built up for facilitated selenium diffusion and its interaction with impurities (Cr, Fe, Ni). The solid-state interaction of MoSe2 with the components of steel (Cr, Fe, Ni) proceeds at T = 960÷970 oC (MoSe2–Fe, Ni) and at 750 oC (MoSe2–Cr) with formation of different compounds of iron, nickel, and chromium with selenium.
Zhigunov V.V., Kasimtsev A.V. Structural factor in processes of production of intermetallic compound powders
The mechanisms of diffusion interaction of products obtained as a result of joint reduction reactions by calcium hydrate of metal oxides or mixture of titanium oxide with corresponding metal in producing powders of TiAl, TiNi, and TiFe intermetallic compounds were considered. At the temperatures of ≤ 1200 ° C the alloy-formation in the systems with different interactions of metal particles and resulting intermediate phases: predominantly solid-phase (TiAl), liquid-phase because of formation of the eutectics in the zone of contacting solid particles (TiFe) or according to mixed type (TiNi). Formation of the main and intermediate phases in the course of diffusion interaction of the components takes place in accordance with the equilibrium state diagrams. The temperature-time intervals of producing homogeneous powders of titanium intermetallic compounds were determined.
Structural Macrokinetics. Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis
Lapshin O.V., Ovcharenko V.E., Ramazanov I.S. Mathematical modeling of high-temperature of synthesis of nickel aluminides under pressure
A mathematical model of SHS of nickel aluminides under the conditions of thermal explosion of the compressed powder mixtures of nickel with aluminum is presented in the article. The numerical calculations of kinetic parameters of the SHS process of Ni3Al intermetallic compound under the thermal explosion regime of the compressed powder mixture of pure elements are conducted, kinetic dependencies of densification of different stoichiometric compounds are determined. Quantitative dependencies of temperature and ignition time of the mixture, reaction rate and maximum temperature of its heating on the value of the applied pressure are ascertained. Within the framework of the mathematical model, optimal intervals of the initial mixture porosity and the values of applied pressure, which provide formation of the pore-free monophase product, are determined.
Process Control and Automation
Shubladze A.M., Salikhov Z.G., Gulyaev S.V., Shubladze A.A., Salikhov K.Z., Malakhov V.A., Olshvang V.R. Automatically adjusting adaptive Industrial regulator for metallurgical industry
An automatically adjusting adaptive industrial (AAAI) regulator synthesized on the basis of PID law of control is proposed for controlling the processes in different industries, including that for automation of problem objects in metallurgy. The AAAI regulator executes estimation of the parameters of control object model and their recalculation into the setups of its regulating part being optimal in the degree of stability. Identification of the object model parameters is performed with the help of specially formed stepwise controlling effect being no more that 5 % of value of its linear zone and the optimality of regulator setup is calculated on the criterion of the maximum degree of stability providing combination of the properties of robustness (roughness) with high quality of operation in the control systems with AAAI regulator. A comparison is made of the operation effectiveness of the device proposed with industrial automatically adjusting regulator of the OVEN Company (Finland) at the different parameters of the control object.
Chronicle
- Vladimir Semyonovich Strizhko is 70 years old
- Yury Fyodorovich Shevakin is 80 years old
- Anatoly Polikarpovich Doroshkevich is 70 years old
