MINERAL PROCESSING OF NONFERROUS METALS
Bragina V.I., Sushkina Yu.V.
Process development of full-field phosphate-rare-metal ore exploitation at the Tatarsky deposit
The results of researches on production of saleable apatiteconcentrate from intermediate product produced by electric separation ofphosphate-rare-metal ores from the Tatar deposit (Krasnoyarsk Territory) at ore-dressing plant are stated. Structural and crystal features of the minerals,which are a part of the intermediate product of electric separation, and theeffect of reagents on them have been studied. Statistical planning ofexperiment is applied to the working out of apatite flotation mode fromintermediate product of electric separation with the use of the 33/9multilevel factorial plan. Apatite concentrate with P2О5 of 38,4 % in content with extractionof 95,7 % has been produced.
Key words: crystal lattice, apatite,quartz, calcite, hydrogoethite, collector, depressor, pulp рН regulator, soda, sodium silicate.
Kokorin A.M., Kurchukov A.M.
Copper-nickel ore flotation reagent-mode control
The control of reagent conditions in the course of copper-nickel oreflotation has been considered. The residual concentration of sodiumdimethyldithiocarbamate (DMDC) ions in the pulp is proposed to account for thecontrol algorithm. DMDC flow control based on the residual concentration of itsions in flotation pulp provides optimized reagent conditions and improves thequalitative rates of copper-nickel ore flotation process with simultaneousreduction of material costs for the process implementation.
Key words: flotation, control algorithm,block-diagram, residual concentration, reagent conditions.
Kanarsky A.V., Adamov E.V., Krylova L.N.
Flotation concentration of sulfide antimony-arsenic gold-containingore
Technology of sulfide arsenic-antimony gold-containing oreprocessing has been developed. The ore contains 3,6 g/t Au, 0,3 % Sb, and 0,4 %As. The enrichment process includes flotation separation of antimony sulfideand arsenopyrite into separate products rendering possible to process them indifferent cycles, improve the economic efficiency of the production process atthe cost of decreasing sulfuric acid consumption for bacterial oxidation and cyanidefor gold leaching, increase in gold extraction, and obtain additional profitsfrom realization of marketable antimonic product.
Key words: gold-containing ore, sulfideminerals, arsenopyrite, antimony sulfide, flotation, selective separation,flotation agent, hydrogen peroxide, oxidation of minerals, concentrates, gold,bacterial oxidation, gravitational preparation, recovery.
Medvedev A.A., Tu So, Ptitsyn A.M.
Combined process of Udokan sulfide copper concentrate processing
A combined version of Udokan copper sulfide concentrate processingis described. The process includes low-temperature roasting with potassiumchloride and subsequent two-stage leaching of obtained cake consisting ofcopper chloride and potassium salts. Water-soluble salts (potassium sulfate andchloride) are leached by water at the first stage and copper chloride bydiluted sulfuric acid at the second stage. Copper sulfate and potassiumfertilizer are the final products. The parameters of the main processing stagesof proposed technology are optimized.
Key words: copper sulfide concentrate,processing, chloridizing roasting, copper sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassiumfertilizer.
METALLURGY OF LESS-COMMON AND PRECIOUS METALS
Sizyakov V.M., Zaitsev Yu.A., Lyakh S.I.
On opportunity of using acid-alcoholic solution for deposition of rubidium as its hexachlorotellurite
The opportunity of rubidium extraction from acid-spirit solutions inthe form of its complex halogenide with tellurium has been considered. Thesolubility of potassium, sodium, and rubidium chlorides in the solutions ofhydrochloric acid and ethyl spirit mixture has been studied at their differentvolumetric ratios at t = 25 °C. The opportunity of increasing the Rbextraction degree as its hexachlorotellurit (Rb2TeCl6) inproceeding from acid to acid-spirit solutions is shown.
Keywords: rubidium, rubidiumhexachlorotellurit, hydrochloric acid, ethyl spirit, acid-spirit solutions.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND HEAT TREATMENT
Churyumov A.Yu., Teleshov V.V.
Analysis of relations between characteristics of two-phase matrixstructure in case of random distribution of non-equiaxed inclusions in thevolume of solid
New characterization of the structure (value of the inclusionprojection (P) in the certain thickness of a layer on the orthogonalplanes) has been proposed for describing the volume distribution of inclusionsin two-phase matrix structure. The value P depends on the relativeposition of inclusions and the projection plane under consideration forspecific structure. It also depends on the thickness L of theanalyzed metal layer, which is described by two additional characteristicsidentified as А and В. Dependences between traditional parameters and new characteristicsof the structure are analyzed.
Key words: computer simulation ofstructure, Monte Carlo method, wrought aluminum alloys.
Trykov Yu.P., Shmorgun V.G., Arisova V.N., Ponomaryova I.A.
Behavior of magnesium alloys in explosion welding and ways toprevent their destruction
An analysis of the causes of magnesium alloy destruction used as acomponent of multilayer composites produced by explosion welding has beencarried out. Some ways are planned to prevent crack formation by application ofdifferent technological techniques: increase in ductility and reduction ofinitial hardness; heat treatment leading to elimination of structuralheterogeneity; selection welding scheme to exclude hazardous exposure ofreflected tensile waves.
Key words: explosion welding, magnesiumalloys, cracks, structure, microhardness, heat treatment.
METAL FORMING
Zagirov N.N., Konstantinov I.L., Ivanov E.V.
Development of СвАК12 filler wiremanufacture process from chip rough stock
A process has been developed to manufacture welding wire of 1,2 and 2,0 mm in diameter from SvAK12 aluminum alloy cuttings. The process includes hot briquetting ofgraded cutting scrap at temperature of 400–420 °C, hot extrusion of briquettesat 460–470 °C with elongation ratio of 32 and 56, cold drawing of extruded barswith average reduction per die of 15–20 %, and intermediate annealing at 400 °C. The produced wire is shown to be suitable for fusion brazing of aluminum alloy parts and themechanical properties render possible to recommend it for wider application.
Key words: welding wire, aluminum alloy,graded cutting scrap, briquetting, extrusion, annealing, mechanical properties.
CASTING PRODUCTION
Nesterov N.V., Yermilov A.G.
Low-frequency pulsations of melt during lost foam casting process.Part 2
Based on the mathematical model of mold filling kinetics during thelost foam casting process, investigation of the mold filling process has beencarried out with account of the occurrence of low-frequency liquid metalpulsations. The pressure in the gas gap where thermal polystyrene foamdestruction has been calculated with account of low-frequency pulsations iscalculated. The mold stability is shown to depend on the metal feeding rate,casting-box vacuum, downright section, and sand and antipenetration washpermeability. Pressure pulsations in the gas gap begin at its maximum. Then thepulsations subside, and their amplitude is higher at lesser gas permeability ofsand and heat-resistant paint (at greater D coefficients). The pulsationperiod is usually 0,3–1,5 s, and it increases in the course of filling. Thecalculated dependences show good coincidence with the pilot data.
Keywords: lost foam casting process,thermal destruction, low-frequency pressure pulsations, mold stability.
STRUCTURAL MACROKINETICS. SELF-PROPAGATING HIGH-TEMPERATURESYNTHESIS
Kvanin V.L., BalikhinaN.T., Merzhanov A.G., Karabakhin V.G.
Use of SHS and argon-arc weld deposition during hard facing oftitanium alloy products
A new method of application of protective coatings (wear-resistingweld deposition) of 2–10 mm and more on the surfaces of titanium alloys hasbeen proposed, developed, evaluated, and patented. Named as «SHS – arc welddeposition», the developed method combines the processes of exothermicsynthesis of filler material and arc-welding weld deposition, which take placesimultaneously in the course of coating application. Filler materials fromexothermic mixtures have been developed. Protective composite coatings ontitanium parts are obtained with the aid of the new method.Physical-mechanical, microstructural, and operational properties of theobtained weld deposition are investigated. Its performances exceed 1,5–2,0times the parameters of used standard samples. The new process can berecommended for application of protective coatings on multipurpose parts oftitanium alloys.
Key words: self-propagatinghigh-temperature synthesis (SHS), argon-arc weld deposition, «SHS – arc welddeposition» method, filler material, exothermic electrode, protective coatings,titanium alloys, composite material.
POWDERMATERIALS AND COATINGS
Blinkov I.V., Volkhonsky A.O.
The effect of evaporation parameters of multilayer nanostructuralTi–Al–N/Zr–Nb–N/Cr–N produced by arc-PVD method on their structure andcomposition
Structure, elemental and phase compositions of multilayerTi–Al–N/Zr–Nb–N/Cr–N coatings produced by arc-PVD method have beeninvestigated. Three-cathode spraying system consisting of Ti–Al, Zr–Nb and Crcathodes was used for their application. Speed of applied specimen rotationrelatively sprayed cathodes, spraying arc current on zirconium-niobium cathode,and negative electric bias potential supplied to the substrate were the processvariables, which varied from 1 to 3 rpm, 135 to 170 A, and from –80 to –160 V respectively. The opportunity is shown to create multilayer coatingswith thickness of separate layers at the level of ~ 10 nm as well as theirtransfer from multilayer structure to single-layer one at the cost of variationof deposition parameters. The parametric dependences have been obtained betweenthe variables of coating formation and composition and the structuralcomponents.
Key words: multilayer coatings,structure, composition, crystallite sizes, microstrains, layer, arc-PVD method.
PROCESSCONTROL AND AUTOMATION
Soshkin G.S., RutkovskyA.L., Tsemekhman L.Sh., Sineva S.I., Soshkin S.V.
Experimental investigations and mathematical simulation of dynamicsof thermal decomposition of carbon compositions
Experimental researches of thermolysis of carbon compositionsproduced by leading enterprises of the electrode industry by DTA andthermogravimetry in range of 200- 900 oС with Setsys Evolution 1750derivatograph have been carried out. «Green» blank samples differ in grain-sizecomposition of carbon of the filler and binder – carbon loam. Their heating wascarried out at 15 oС/min in the inertatmosphere. The data for volatile evolution are processed by the mathematicalmodeling method with application of Mathcad-11 according to one- andtwo-component scheme of calculation of the thermolysis process kinetics.Mathematical models have been synthesized, which adequately describe theexperimental data. Reaction rate constants and activation energies ofdecomposition of the binder carbon compositions for single and two-componentscheme for the calculation of the thermolysis have been determines. An exampleis given of the thermolysis calculations for industrial roasting conditions ofgraphitized EG grade electrode of ?200 mm.
Key words: thermolysis of carboncompositions, thermogravimetry, volatile evolution, mathematical modeling,roasting kinetics, volatile evolution prediction, industrial roasting kiln,electrodes.
CHRONICLE
G.M. Voldman is 75 years old
