Mineral Processing
II Concentration Congress of the CIS Countries
Lodeishchikov V.V. The state-of-the-art and prospects of development of combined concentrating and metallurgical methods for processing of hard-concentrated and complex gold-bearing ores
Based on generalization of the experience of the world gold-producing industry, the possibilities and prospects of combined technologies to extract gold and its accompanying precious components out of ore material are considered. The combination of mechanical preparation operations (gravitation, flotation) with methods of chemical ore processing (acid, alkaline, salt, biochemical leaching, roast, and others methods) as well as hydro and pyrometallurgical processes is shown to make it possible to organize a complete cycle of ore processing of any material composition on site and produce metal, a finite marketable product, with high level of through extraction (90 % and above). A dominant role of the cyanic process in combined flow diagrams is noted. Significance of preliminary (express) technological estimation of ores on the basis of ore typification and application of the “diagnostic” leaching technique is emphasized.
Bogdanovich A.V., Zarogatsky L.P., Korovnikov A.N. Current equipment and technologies for high-effective extraction of fine-grain gold out of placers, ore, and man-caused raw materials of Russia
Efficient fabrication routes and equipment to extract fine-grain gold not only out of placers, but also out of complex ore of non-ferrous, rare, and ferrous metals have been developed. The man-caused raw materials, i.e. stale waste of concentrating mills and waste of electronic industry, can be considered as a sizable source of noble metals.
Tatarnikov A.P., Zvonarev V.N., Balakina I.G., Inozemtsev S.B., Fyodorov Yu.O. Development of indirect methods of automatic separation of gold-bearing ores
A possibility and prospects to use indirect methods of automatic separation, based on classification of the material by gold content in it and having a wide distribution during the gold ore processing at small deposits, are considered. Application of radiometric, neutron activation, photometric, and X-ray radiometric methods has been studied
Demetieva N.A., Byvaltsev V.Ya. Flotation and gravitation methods of finishing the gold-bearing concentrates
The processes, which make it possible to extract gold out of flotation concentrates and eliminate in full or partly their processing at copper smelteries, are developed. The flotation finish followed by cyanide leaching of the rich secondary flotation concentrate is an effective procedure for processing of the concentrates bearing a large amount of sulfides which fine-grain gold is associated with. A combined flow diagram based on the gravitation finish followed by cleaner flotation of gravitation tailings is most effective for low-sulfide concentrates. The processes developed make it possible to reduce the amount of materials, cut the expenditures, and produce the commercial products on the site of concentrate manufacture.
Panchenko A.F., Khmelnitskaya O.D., Mullov V.M., Lanchakova O.V., Zheltova L.M. Processing features of rich gold-silver flotation concentrates
Cyanide leaching of rich gold-silver flotation concentrates from the “Dukat” and “Quartz Hill” deposits has been studied. To reach high technological parameters of the cyanide leaching process, it is necessary to use increased solvent concentrations, introduce lead salts (in the case of their absence), and leach concentrates in a few stages using metal-free solutions in a turnover. The integrated tests of the hydrometallurgical technology bore out the possibility of the in-mill solution turnover. According to the recommended processing, gold extraction is 98.6 % and silver extraction is 97.2 %. A process schedule for the processing of flotation concentrates from the “Quartz Hill” deposit has been developed on the basis of the studies executed.
Mullov V.M., Chernov V.K., Voiloshnikov G.I. High-effective technology of sulfide carbon gold-bearing ores
Possibilities of improving the concentration process and hydrometallurgical processing of the concentrates of sulfide carbon gold-bearing ores are considered. The effectiveness of the improved process compared to the design process of gravitation and flotation concentration followed by melting of “gold head” into a gold bar and processing the concentrates by “pitch in pulp” is shown by the example of the ore from the “Dry Broad Gully” deposit. The new process uses additional cleaner gravitation-flotation of concentrates, hydrometallurgical processing of rich gravitation concentrate by pulse-percolation leaching with gold plating out of cyanide solutions; the “pitch in pulp” process is replaced by the “carbon in pulp” process in the version of two-stage sorption. According to the improved process, through extraction of gold is increased by 0,4 %, necessary volume of hydrometallurgical equipment is reduced 6 times, and consumption of toxic reagents (cyanide and calcium hypochlorite) is cut 2 times.
Dementieva N.A., Kogan D.I., Leonov S.B. The process of sorption and flotation concentration of gold-bearing raw materials
A sorption-flotation process for gold extraction out of gold-bearing raw materials has been developed. Activated KAD-grounded coal modified with organic reagents is proposed as a sorbent. The mechanism to sorb cyanic gold complex onto modified powdered coal has been studied. It was found that there is a physical adsorption coupled with ion-exchange mechanism of interaction. Semi-industrial tests in accordance with this process were carried out at the Kommunar Gold Extraction Plant. The process proposed makes it possible to increase the gold extraction by 7,5 % as compared to the filtration process that is taken at the plant.
Dementieva N.A., Byvaltsev V.Ya. Extraction of gold slime out of dusts of gold placers
A process to extract thin lamellar gold out of blowing-out dusts has been proposed. Taking little mass and great surface of the noble metal particles into account, dust processing can be executed by the flotation technique. When processing the dusts of prospecting artels, a gold extracting factor into the concentrate is reached up to the level of 98-99 % with the gold content in the concentrate no less than 90-95 %. The gold and osmium iridium concentration process in the dust processing has been developed.
Voiloshnikov G.I., Voiloshnikova N.S., Panchenko A.F., Asalkhanov A.A., Barchenkov V.V. Application of coal-sorption processes of gold extraction out of flotation concentrates of the Samartin Gold Extraction plant
The results of application of hydrometallurgical technology of gold extraction out of flotation concentrates are given. The flow diagram developed by the “Irgiredmet” institute comprises the following main operations: regrinding, sorption leaching with the use of active coal, desorption of metals from saturated coal and electrolytic extraction of gold out of eluates, melting of cathode sediments. Design output parameters (35 t/day) and extraction (94,6 %) were achieved during the first month of the enterprise operation and would be exceeded later on. Thus, gold extraction when its content in starting concentrate was 100 g/t amounted to above 96 % and the plant capacity for concentrate was up to 50 t/day. As a whole, the results of the implementation show high efficiency of the developed technology and its advantages in comparison to the earlier version of supplying the flotation concentrate to pyrometallurgical processing.
Matveev A.I., Vinokurov V.P., Grigoriev A.N., Yakovlev V.B., Eremeeva N.G., Salomatova S.I., Sleptsova E.S. Gladyshev A.M., Filippov V.E. A new direction in the gold-bearing ore processing and concentration
A new direction in the technology of gold-bearing ore processing and concentration from small-scale deposits and ore manifestations with resources of the basic metal less than 1,000 kg has been proved. Development of this direction becomes possible in creation of modular movable ore-concentrating plants, which can closely connect the processes of exploring, mining, processing, and concentrating works. Development of the new direction makes it possible to put numerous small basic gold deposits into operation as well as to selectively develop separate blocks of a relatively large deposit which are sharply contrasting in quality and technological properties.
Evtushenko M.B. Application of gravitation magnetic separation for gold ore concentration
The results of testing the gravitation magnetic separator MGS-P3, carried out at the Karalveem deposit (Chukot) at the ore gold-separating plant, are given. The separator was tested in the finishing shop of the plant as equipment for preliminary separation before melting. It is shown that when concentrating gold-bearing gravitation concentrates, which are represented by arsenopyrite of 70-80 %, the concentrates of gold content up to 850 kg/t under extraction above 98 % were obtained. The ways to increase the effectiveness of gravitation magnetic separation of materials of –0,1 mm in size.
Nikolaev V.A., Kurkov V.A., Gorokhov I.N., Shcherbakova S.N., Adosik G.M., Popov Yu.G. The prospects of combined technology application for ore concentration at Buryatia and Transbaikalia
A combined process with preliminary automatic separation of ore before of gravitation and flotation concentration was developed for ores of the Egitin and Ozerny deposits. When concentrating the fluorite ore of the Egitin deposit, the application of X-ray fluorescent separation before the process makes it possible to increase the yield of high-grade fluorite concentrates with a decrease in their production cost by 25 %. A flow diagram comprising large-portion classifying and X-ray radiometric separation was developed.
Extractive metallurgy of precious metals
Zhuchkov I.A. A thermodynamic study of gold behavior in water sulfur solution
Possible sulfur-bearing gold complexes with calculation of their stability constants are considered. A thermodynamic analysis of probable consequence of forming the different compounds in the areas of stability of H2S, HS– and S2– was carried out. A more precise Purbe diagram for the Au-H2O system in presence of sulfur is plotted. A thermodynamic probability of forming [Au2(HS)2S]2– ion with joint and separate existence of HS– and S2– ions is estimated.
Casting Production
Belov V.D., Kirianov S.V., Krytsovkin A.V., Efimova I.A. Production of castings of hypereutectic silumins by centrifugal casting
The effect of technological casting parameters on the formation of a casting structure in the field of centrifugal forces was studied.
Metal Forming
Vaisburd R.A., Partin A.S. Shrinkage cavity condition under reverse extrusion and calculation of its form
A model of metal flow during the final stage of reverse extrusion under flat deformation is suggested. The model makes it possible to explain the causes of not-filling the corners of the matrix. An analytical decision was given, from which the conditions to form this defect and its form were obtained.
Mochalov N.A., Orlinsky P.E. On grain size in oxygen-free copper of M0b grade after annealing
Statistical grain size data in samples of rolled products of oxygen-free copper of M0b grade after annealing at T = 600 ° C, 1h in accordance with requirement of GOST 15471-77 are collected and processed. The effect of preliminary deformation in the range of 80 to 90 % on the grain size in annealed copper was studied.
Powder Materials and Coatings
Zozulya V.D. Creation principles for sintered metal-powder materials by processes of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis
New technological methods to manufacture the materials of tribotechnical destination and the details for friction units made of metal and ceramic powder mixtures sintered under the processing burning conditions are described. Operational properties are given in comparison to analogous materials sintered by the traditional furnace method. The advantages of the new methods are described.
Levashov E.A.. Kharlamov E.I., Korostelin A.A. Production and application of charge electrodes for thermo-reactive electric-spark hardening
Based on drawing process, a method to manufacture charge materials for the process of thermo-reactive electrosparking hardening (TESH) is described. The tension diagram during drawing of powder wire is given and explained. A calculation of compression in the powder core. The prospects of application of charge TESH electrodes to produce wear-resisting coatings including diamond-bearing ones are shown.
Kim K.N., Khan S.M., Kim V.D., Apykhtina I.V., Astakhov M.V. The effect of inclusions on electrical properties of ZnO-varistor materials
The effect of Zn2Sb2O12 spinel phase particles on the ZnO grain size in the process of high-temperature sintering of the system on the basis of ZnO (95 mol. %) with addition of bismuth oxide (1 %) and cobalt oxide (0,5 %) has been studied. The presence of this phase is shown to significantly decrease the ZnO grain growth velocity with increase in sintering temperature. The effect of grain size on the electric properties of varistors made of this ceramics has been studied. It was found that the breakdown voltage increases and leakage current drops with reducing ZnO average grain size. The nonlinearity factor and volt-ampere characteristics of samples are shown to strongly depend on the ceramic composition and grain size of the basic phase as well as on the spinel content in the ceramics.
Process Control and Automation
Mukhametdinov I.R., Kartashov V.V., Afonin Yu.D., Verbovenko A.M. Automation of high-temperature hot compaction plant
Development and possibilities of the automatic control system for hot compaction process is considered by the example of UGP-2 unit. A commercial Micro PC of Octagon Systems Company with proper expansion boards was used. Software was elaborated. An original detector of linear displacements using resistive-strain sensors was proposed for measuring shrinkage of sintered material.
Chronicle
To 60th anniversary of Alexandr Vasilyevich Zinovyev
