Zubareva G.I., Bogomyagkov A.B., Maslov A.V., Toropov L.I. Floatation purification of acid-alkali waste-water from galvanic production to remove heavy metal ions
A process of acid-base wastewater treatment from the galvanic production of OAO “Telta” (Perm city) has been developed to remove heavy metal ions Ni(II), Cu(III), and Fe(III) using the floatation technique and a collecting agent (sodium alkyl benzosulfonate of the basis of paraffins of general formula [CnH2n+1C6H4SO3Na], where n = 10-14, the average molecular mass is 348, the content of base material is 45,6 %) after chemical deposition. The acid-base wastewater treatment according to the process developed is shown to make it possible to reduce the heavy metal concentration down to the limits required in the industrial water of the second category (GOST 9.314-90).
Radushev A.V., Prokhorenko E.N., Belchenko M.G., Grigorieva L.O. Utilization of used copper-chromium-barium catalyst using ammoniac media
The process developed consists of higher alcohols washing with methanol, dehydration to remove methanol, and following ammoniac leaching of copper for 100 - 125 h. The kinetics, temperature effect (20-70 ° C), reagent concentrations, and a ratio of mS : mL = 1:(3-5) for fullness of copper leaching in nitrate-, sulfate-, and carbonate-ammoniac solutions are compared. Carbonate-ammoniac and particularly nitrate-ammoniac media proved to be preferable. They permit to use the solutions produced (with content up to 80-85 g/l copper) to have a fresh catalyst. The copper extraction degree is 92 - 95 %. The deposit contains HCrO2, BaO, SiO2, and CuO impurity, and after leaching it can be useful as a component of welding fluxes or abrasive materials.
Kritskaya E.B., Burylev B.P., Kostenko N.B., Moisov L.P. Saturated vapor pressure above the melts of cobalt chlorides and rare-metals chlorides
Boiling temperatures have been found for the systems CoCl2 - LaCl3, CoCl2 - CeCl3, and CoCl2 - NdCl3 under different pressures. A review of the literature data is given for vapor pressure of pure rare-earth metal chlorides. Calculations are made of temperature dependence of saturated vapor pressure, enthalpy of vaporization, and normal boiling temperature for the systems.
Shatalov R.L., Parfenov D.Yu., Kudin M.V., Boskhamdzhiev N.Sh., Galkin A.M. Plastometric studies of rheological properties of titanium-zinc alloy
The plastometric tests were carried out using twisting of solid specimens made of a new cast zinc alloy of “titanium-zinc” type in the temperature range of 20 - 400 ° C and the strain rates of e = 0,1-10,0 s-1. A mode of the flow curves has been analyzed. The effect of the temperature-rate strain conditions on the ultimate ductility of the alloy has been studied.
Kononov S.A., Kolachev B.A. Cracks in die stampings made of heat-resistant nickel alloys and technological methods to prevent them
Cracks in die stampings made of EI 975-ID type nickel superalloys are described. The following technological techniques are recommended to prevent quenching crack formation: regulating heating to quenching temperature, delayed short-time cooling prior to air quenching, decrease in die stamping mass by the preliminary turning prior to quenching, prevention of hitting the die stampings against the elements of the equipment, etc.
Psarev V.I. Kinetics of coarsening Al3Mg2 precipitations in aluminium-magnesium alloys
A description is given of the dispersion-computer analysis carried out on aluminum-magnesium alloys containing dispersed b -phase (Al3Mg2) and the illustration of the technique used. A possible correlative relation among the time change signs of the experimental diagrams and the intravolume processes, which result in transformation of microparticle size distribution in the process of their reaction-controlled coarsening, can be established with the help of the technique. Reliability of the results of the system analysis carried out was estimated with the use of relations among the moments of the microparticle size distribution function.
Bukaemsky A.A., Pusyr A.P., Tarasov L.S., Fyodorova E.N. Particle size reduction and phase transition in aluminium oxide under shock-wave action
Aluminum oxide particle size reduction and activation processes were studied under high-energy impulse action, and the sequence of phase transitions was analyzed under the effect of shock waves. Stabilization of the most symmetric and high-temperature crystalline g -Al2O3 and a -Al2O3 phases is found to be characteristic for the shock-wave action. Unlike a series of the sequence of phase transitions typical for the static annealing, the only row of phase transformations Al2O3 -> g -Al2O3 -> a -Al2O3 can be realized under the shockwave loading. The possible shock-wave particle size reduction down to submicron size was shown. A hypothesis of available cavitation size-reduction mechanism was made. The aluminum oxide particle shape is close to spherical and the particle size distribution is logarithmically normal.
Kushkhov Kh.B., Malyshev V.V., Shapoval V.I. The process of high-temperature electrochemical synthesis of highly-dispersed tungsten carbide power
A change in the electrolyte composition designed for synthesis of tungsten carbide in the process of isothermal heating has been studied. The effect of electrolyte service life on the electrolyte composition was analyzed. A process to produce highly-dispersed tungsten monocarbide powders was developed.
Levashov E.A., Kudryashov A.E., Malochkin O.V., Sviridova T.A., Glukhov S.A., Gammel F., Zyhentrung R. On the effect of nanocrystalline powders on formation process, structure and properties of electrospark coatings on the basis of titanium-chromium carbide
The effect of nanocrystalline additives (ZrO2, Al2O3, W, WC, WC - Co, NbC, Si3N4) on mass transfer of SHS-electrode material of SHIM-3B grade was studied. Thickness, integrity, and microhardness of the electrospark coatings produced on nickel alloy EK-61, coating structure, nanocomponent distribution throughout the coating, and wear-resistance were investigated. The X-ray phase analysis was carried out on the coatings. Optimal conditions were found for operation of the high-frequency electrospark alloying (ESA) plant “ALIER-METAL”. Introduction of nanocomponents into electrode material was found to promote increasing the thickness, integrity, hardness, and wear-resistance of the ESA-coatings.
Shtansky D.V. and Levashov E.A. Multicomponent nanostructured thin films: problems and solutions
The “state-of-the-art” in the field of multicomponent nanostructural thin films is reviewed. The problems and methods of their solving are considered as applied to the analysis of the structure in the nanometric scale, the study of physical processes and phenomena as well as the determination of properties of individual nanostructures. The present-day engineering of thin films is shown to come practically closely to the nanosized scale of about 1 nm, opening broad possibilities for development of new nanostructural materials of unique properties.
Ostrikov O.M. Hardening of twin boundaries in bismuth monocrystals irradiated by electrons
The effect of 4 MeV electron radiation with 1016, 0,5·1017, and 1017 el/cm2 dose at 1012 el/(cm2·s) dosage rate on hardening of twin boundaries was studied. This was found to promote increase in hardening the boundaries of tapered twins.
Dzhusupov A.A. Simulative algorithm with cognitive element
An algorithm of the coordinated control for preparation and batching of charge components and electrosublimation process was proposed. The algorithm is remarkable for using a cognitive element in the composition of the solving rule group in the sense of L. Zeade in the intelligent system.
Garbuz D.N., Sirazutdinova Zh.A. Marketing system building procedure for enterprise
The main problems of building an effective marketing system are considered on the basis of the analysis of a values formation line. A procedure is proposed of building the marketing system, choosing the structure of marketing channels and the methods of product distribution with obligatory taking the characteristics of users, products, and producers into account. An example of building the effective marketing system in the carriage spring market is given to comprehend the heart of the matters to be solved.
