ECOLOGICALLY INNOCUOUS FLUORIDE CYCLE IN TUNGSTEN TECHNOLOGY. JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS WITH THE CIRCULATION OF FLUORINE AND HYDROGEN

The fluoride cycle in the tungsten technology is based on three processes: (1) electrochemical decomposition of HF in KHF2 + HF melt at 80–100 °C with the separate evolution of gaseous fluorine and hydrogen; (2) fluorination of tungsten powder by evolved fluorine at 300–350 °C with the condensation of formed WF₆ in the liquid state at t = 2,5÷3,0 °C; (3) reduction of gaseous WF₆ by evolved hydrogen at t = 580÷600 °C. Hydrogen fluoride is condensed at +1°C after WF₆ reduction and fed for fluorine and hydrogen formation to ensure their circulation in the cycle. The optimization of the used processes suggested technological and equipment solutions for industrial production of large flat and cylindrical semi-products for deformation, as well as tubes, crucibles and other articles of various size from tungsten with a process line capacity of ~4,3 kg/h (>34 tons/year) subject to environmental compliance. In contrast with powder metallurgy methods, the described technology produces non-porous semi-products and ready articles from pure tungsten with more fine-grained structure and virtually unlimited sizes at 2,0–2,5 times lower specific energy consumption per 1 kg of product. For higher production efficiency it is recommended to ensure simultaneous operation of 4 process lines in automatic mode.

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