Обзор способов извлечения и концентрирования примесей в материалах на основе редкоземельных элементов для методов спектрального и масс-спектрального анализа

Эффективность применения материалов на основе редкоземельных элементов (РЗЭ) во многом зависит от их примесного состава, который влияет на их структуру и свойства. Перед аналитическим контролем качества материалов на основе РЗЭ и исходных веществ для их получения ставится задача определения с высокими чувствительностью и точностью как макрокомпонентов, так и примесных элементов. Для выявления примесей в редкоземельных материалах в диапазоне концентраций от 10–5 до 5,0 мас.% зачастую применяют комплекс методов атомно-эмиссионного и масс-спектрального анализа. Однако исследование таких материалов даже с использованием указанных высокочувствительных методов является сложной задачей в связи со спектральными и матричными влияниями. Поэтому необходимы различные процедуры предварительного извлечения/концентрирования для определения как редкоземельных, так и нередкоземельных примесей. В данной статье проведен обзор публикаций, содержащих способы предварительного концентрирования для спектральных и масс-спектральных методов анализа материалов на основе РЗЭ и, частично, ряда других аналитических приемов. Показано, что самыми распространенными подходами являются жидкостная экстракция и хроматография. Также применяют сорбцию, мицеллярную экстракцию и соосаждение. Универсального метода не существует. Каждый из обсуждаемых в данной статье способов имеет свои достоинства и ограничения. Аналитическое завершение метода подтверждает эффективность выбранного способа извлечения/концентрирования в каждом конкретном случае.

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