cvmetИзвестия вузов. Цветная металлургияIzvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy0021-34382412-8783НИТУ МИСИС10.17073/0021-3438-2018-2-59-76cvmet-749Research ArticleМеталловедение и термическая обработкаPhysical Metallurgy and Heat TreatmentИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ КАЛЬЦИЯ В СПЛАВАХ: ОТ МОДИФИЦИРОВАНИЯ ДО ЛЕГИРОВАНИЯUSING CALCIUM IN ALLOYS: FROM MODIFICATION TO ALLOYINGНаумоваЕ. А.NaumovaE. A.

канд. техн. наук, доцент

кафедра обработки металлов давлением

119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4

доцент

кафедра композиционных материалов 

127055, г. Москва, Вадковский пер., 1

Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Associate prof., Department of metal forming, 

119049, Russia, Moscow, Leninkii pr. 4

Associate prof., Department of composite materials

127055, Russia, Moscow, Vadkovsky per., 1

jan73@mail.ruНациональный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСиС»; Московский государственный технологический университет (МГТУ) «Станкин»РоссияNational Research and Technological University «MISIS»; Moscow State Technological University «Stankin»Russian Federation201818042018025976Copyright © Наумова Е.А., 20182018Наумова Е.А.Naumova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/749

Кальций является одним из самых распространенных, а следовательно, дешевых металлов на Земле. Долгое время его применяли для модифицирования и легирования сплавов тяжелых металлов, в частности свинца и меди. В качестве модификатора его используют в чугунах и сталях. Сравнительно недавно кальций стали применять для легирования легких сплавов на основе алюминия и магния. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены области применения металлического кальция, его влияние на структуру и свойства разных сплавов. За последние несколько лет были проведены систематические исследования сплавов на основе алюминиево-кальциевой эвтектики и установлено, что они обладают литейными свойствами не хуже, чем у силуминов, также их можно подвергать горячей и холодной прокатке с высокими степенями деформации. Были построены тройные и более сложные диаграммы состояния систем, включающих кальций, исследованы многокомпонентные сплавы на их основе. Все это позволило наметить несколько групп новых перспективных Ca-содержащих алюминиевых сплавов: (1) сплавы, упрочняемые без закалки за счет выделения при отжиге наноразмерных частиц фаз Al3Zr, Al3Sc и Al3(Zr,Sc); (2) высокопрочные сплавы, легированные традиционными элементами-упрочнителями алюминиевого твердого раствора, цинком и магнием; (3) сплавы композитного типа, имеющие в структуре более 20 % эвтектических интерметаллидов. Все эти материалы имеют пониженную плотность, улучшенный комплекс эксплуатационных свойств, повышенную коррозионную стойкость и высокую технологичность при производстве литых и деформированных полуфабрикатов.

Calcium is one of the most common and, therefore, cheap metals on earth. It has long been used for the modification and alloying of heavy metal alloys, in particular lead and copper. As a modifier, it is used in cast irons and steels. More recently calcium started to be used in light alloys based on aluminum and magnesium. This review covers the applications of metallic calcium, its effect on the structure and properties of various alloys. Over the past few years, systematic studies of aluminum-calcium-eutectic alloys have been carried out and it has been found that their casting properties are no worse than that of silumins, and they can be subjected to hot and cold rolling with a high degree of deformation. Threefold and more complex phase diagrams of systems including calcium were constructed, and multicomponent alloys based on them were investigated. All this allowed us to distinguish several groups of new promising calcium-containing aluminum alloys: (1) alloys hardened without quenching due to nanosized Al3Zr, Al3Sc and Al3(Zr,Sc) phase particles precipitated during annealing; (2) high-strength alloys doped with traditional hardening elements of aluminum solid solution, zinc and magnesium; (3) composite-type alloys containing more than 20% of eutectic intermetallics in their structure. These alloys have a reduced density, an improved set of performance properties, increased corrosion resistance and high manufacturability when making cast and deformed semi-finished products.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.