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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2017-6-31-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-652</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Литейное производство</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Foundry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СВС-МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ Nb–Si</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SHS metallurgy of Nb–Si composites</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юхвид</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yukhvid</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. техн. наук, профессор, зав. лабораторией № 5 «Жидкофазные СВС-процессы и литые материалы», гл. науч. сотрудник ИСМАН</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Prof., Head of Laboratory № 5 «SHS melts and cast materials», Head researcher of ISMAN</p><p>142432, Russia, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yukh@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник лаборатории № 5 «Жидкофазные СВС-процессы и литые материалы»</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), Senior researcher of Laboratory № 5, ISMAN</p><p>142432, Russia, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ade@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sanin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. техн. наук, вед. науч. сотр., зам. директора ИСМАН</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.), Deputy Director of ISMAN</p><p>142432, Russia, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svn@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сачкова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sachkova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>науч. сотрудник лаборатории № 8 «Физическое материаловедение» ИСМАН.</p><p>142432, Московская обл., г. Черноголовка, ул. Академика Осипьяна, 8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of Laboratory № 8 «Materials science», ISMAN</p><p>142432, Russia, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka, Academician Osipyan str., 8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sem@ism.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения РАН (ИСМАН)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ISMAN</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юхвид В.И., Андреев Д.Е., Санин В.Н., Сачкова Н.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юхвид В.И., Андреев Д.Е., Санин В.Н., Сачкова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yukhvid V.I., Andreev D.E., Sanin V.N., Sachkova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/652">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/652</self-uri><abstract><p>Композиционные материалы (КМ) на основе ниобия c функциональными и легирующими добавками (Si, Hf, Ti, Al и др.) имеют перспективу промышленного освоения в авиационном двигателестроении. Ранее авторами было показано, что такие КМ можно синтезировать в автоволновом режиме (режиме горения), используя высокоэкзотермические смеси Nb2O5 с Al, Si, Hf и Ti. Было обнаружено, что в волне горения гафний активно участвует в восстановлении Nb2O5, что усложняет его введение в КМ. Настоящая работа направлена на изучение возможности синтеза методами центробежной СВС-металлургии композиционных материалов на основе Nb с высоким содержанием Hf. В экспериментальных исследованиях, проведенных на центробежной установке под воздействием перегрузки 40 g, было показано, что замена активного Hf на менее активные его соединения Hf–Al или Hf–Ti–Si–Al в составе смесей Nb2O5/Al позволяет перевести горение смеси из взрывоподобного режима в режим стационарного горения. С увеличением размера гранул Hf–Al от 0–40 до 160–300 мкм в смеси содержание Hf в КМ возрастает от 1,3 до 3,8 мас.%. Введение в исходную шихту гранул Hf–Ti–Si–Al с размером частиц от 1 до 3 позволяет получать литые КМ на основе силицидов ниобия с содержанием Hf до 8,1 мас.%. Методами электронной микроскопии и рентгенофазового анализа определены интегральный состав и распределение базовых и примесных элементов в структурных составляющих литых КМ, а также их фазовый состав.Композиционные материалы с максимальным содержанием Hf (8,1 мас.%) содержат 3 структурных составляющих: (1) – основу, которая включает Nb, Si, Ti; (2) – межзеренные границы, содержащие Nb, Ti и Al; (3) – включения на основе оксида гафния. На рентгенограмме КМ выявлены 3 фазы: твердые растворы на основе Nb и Nb5Si3, а также небольшое количество Nb3Si.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Niobium-based composites doped with functional and alloying additives (Si, Hf, Ti, Al, etc.) have prospects for industrial applications such as aircraft engine building. Previously the authors demonstrated that such composites can be synthesized in autowave mode (combustion mode) using highly exothermic Nb2O5 mixtures with Al, Si, Hf and Ti. It was shown that hafnium actively participates in Nb2O5 reduction, and this makes it difficult to introduce it into the composite. This paper focuses on the possibility to synthesize Nb composites doped with a high amount of Hf using centrifugal SHS metallurgy. Experiments on a centrifugal unit under 40 g force demonstrated that reactive Hf replaced by its less reactive compounds Hf–Al or Hf–Ti–Si–Al in Nb2O5/Al mixtures enabled combustion in a steady frontal mode rather than in an explosive one. With the increasing size of Hf–Al granules (from 0–40 to 160–300 μm), the Hf content of resultant composites was found to grow from 1,3 to 3,8 wt.%. In case of Hf–Ti–Si–Al granules 1–3 mm in size introduced to the charge, the Hf content of synthesized composites based on niobium silicides attained a value of up to 8,1 wt.%. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to determine the integral composition and distribution of basic and doping elements in the structural components of synthesized composites as well as their phase composition. Composites with a maximum content of Hf (8,1 wt.%) contain three structural constituents: (1) a metal Nb–Si–Ti matrix; (2) intergrain boundaries containing Nb, Ti, and Al; and (3) hafnia-based inclusions. The XRD pattern showed the presence of three phases in the composite: Nb and Nb5Si3 solid solutions as well as minor amounts of Nb3Si.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автоволновой синтез</kwd><kwd>СВС-металлургия</kwd><kwd>химическое превращение</kwd><kwd>композиционный материал</kwd><kwd>силицид ниобия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autowave synthesis</kwd><kwd>SHS metallurgy</kwd><kwd>chemical transformation</kwd><kwd>composite</kwd><kwd>niobium silicide</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bewlay B.P., Jackson M.T., Zhao J.C., Subramanian P.R., Mendiratta V.G., Lewandovski J.J. Ultrahigh-temperature Nb silicide-based composites. MRS Bulletin. 2003. Vol. 28. No. 9. P. 646—653. 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