<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2026-2-59-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1777</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металлургия редких и благородных металлов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Metallurgy of Rare and Precious Metals</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Осаждение карбоната неодима из азотнокислых растворов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Precipitation of neodymium carbonate from nitric acid solutions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2753-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyreva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Богатырева – д.т.н., профессор кафедры цветных металлов и золота</p><p>Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Bogatyreva – Dr. Sci. (Tech.) Professor, Department of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold</p><p>1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Helen_Bogatureva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельник</surname><given-names>Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnic</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Филипп Мельник – аспирант кафедры цветных металлов и золота</p><p>Россия, 119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Filipp Melnic – Graduate Student, Department of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold</p><p>1 Bld, 4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">filippmelnic@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богатырева Е.В., Мельник Ф., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богатырева Е.В., Мельник Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogatyreva E.V., Melnic F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1777">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1777</self-uri><abstract><p>С использованием термодинамических расчетов установлены энтальпия, энтропия и энергия Гиббса образования соединений неодима: лантанита (Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O), тангерита (Nd2(CO3)3·3H2O), гидроксилбастназита и козоита (NdОНCO3). Определены особенности формирования осадков карбоната неодима со структурой тангерита без нагрева в процессе обратного осаждения, т.е. при подаче азотнокислого раствора неодима (~1 моль/л Nd) в 20 %-ный раствор углеаммонийных солей с рН ≥ 9, что подтверждено морфологическими и рентгенографическими исследованиями соот­ветствую­щих образцов. Показана возможность повышения эффективности процесса осаждения карбоната и последующего фильтрования пульп благодаря упрощению получения порошков карбоната неодима со структурой тангерита с однородными по форме и размеру частицами и их агломератами. Повышение производительности процесса обусловлено применением более концентрированных по неодиму исходных растворов и исключением стадии выдержки осадка под слоем маточного раствора для его перекристаллизации. Применение 20 %-ного раствора бикарбоната аммония не сопровождается образованием осадков с упорядоченной структурой, так как величина рН исходного раствора реагента не превышает 8,76, т.е. не принадлежит области формирования карбоната неодима со структурой тангерита, установленной в результате термодинамического анализа. Результаты работы свидетельствуют о перспективности продолжения исследований в направлении оптимизации режимов осаждения карбоната неодима из азотнокислых растворов с целью получения осадков с требуемыми характеристиками для разработки функциональных материалов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Thermodynamic calculations were used to determine the enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy of formation of neodymium compounds: lanthanite Nd (Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O), tengerite (Nd2(CO3)3·3H2O), hydroxylbastnasite, and kozoite (NdHCO3). The formation of neodymium carbonate precipitates with a tengerite-type structure without heating was studied during reverse precipitation, i.e., by feeding a neodymium nitric acid solution (~1 mol/L Nd) into a 20 % of ammonium carbonate salt solution with pH ≥ 9.0. This was confirmed by morphological and X-ray diffraction studies of the corresponding samples. The possibility of improving carbonate precipitation and subsequent pulp filtration was demonstrated by simplifying by preparation of neodymium carbonate powders with a tengerite-type structure and particles and agglomerates uniform in shape and size. The increase in process productivity was attributed to the use of feed solutions with higher neodymium concentrations and the elimination of stage in which the precipitate is held under the mother liquor for recrystallization. The use of a 20 % ammonium bicarbonate solution did not lead to the formation of precipitates with an ordered structure, because the pH of the initial reagent solution did not exceed 8.76 and therefore lay outside the region of neodymium carbonate formation with a tengerite-type structure, as established by thermodynamic analysis. The results indicated that further research aimed at optimizing neodymium carbonate precipitation from nitric acid solutions is promising for obtaining precipitates with the required characteristics for the development of functional materials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>редкоземельные металлы</kwd><kwd>неодим</kwd><kwd>карбонат</kwd><kwd>тангерит</kwd><kwd>осаждение</kwd><kwd>фильтрование</kwd><kwd>азотнокислые растворы</kwd><kwd>углеаммонийные соли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rare earth metals</kwd><kwd>neodymium</kwd><kwd>carbonate</kwd><kwd>tengerite</kwd><kwd>precipitation</kwd><kwd>filtration</kwd><kwd>nitric acid solutions</kwd><kwd>ammonium carbonate salts</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Комиссарова Л.Н., Шацкий В.М., Пушкина Г.Я., Щербакова Л.Г., Мамсурова Л.Г., Суханова Г.Е. Соединения редкоземельных элементов. Карбонаты, оксалаты, нитраты, титанаты. М.: Наука, 1984. 235 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komissarova L.N., Shatsky V.M., Pushkina G.Ya., Shcherbakova L.G., Mamsurova L.G., Sukhanova G.E. Compounds of rare earth elements. Carbonates, oxalates, nitrates, titanates. Moscow: Nauka, 1984. 235 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поляков Е.Г., Нечаев А.В., Смирнов А.В. Металлургия редкоземельных металлов: Учебное пособие для вузов. М.: Юрайт, 2021. 501 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyakov E. G., Nechaev A.V., Smirnov A.V. Metallurgy of rare earth metals: a textbook for universities. Moscow: Yurajt, 2021. 501 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михайличенко А.И., Михлин Е.Б., Патрикеев Ю.Б. Редкоземельные металлы. М.: Металлургия, 1987. 232 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhaylichenko A.I., Mikhlin E.B., Patrikeev Yu.B. Rare earth metals. Moscow : Metallurgiya, 1987. 232 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qi D. Hydrometallurgy of rare earths. Separation and Extraction. Ch. 7: Chemical separation. Elsevier, 2018. Р. 671–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-05328-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qi D. Hydrometallurgy of rare earths. Separation and Extraction. Ch. 7: Chemical separation. Elsevier, 2018. Р. 671–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-05328-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaczmarek A.M., Van Heckeb K., Van R. Deun nano- and micro-sized rare-earth carbonates and their use as precursors and sacrificial templates for the synthesis of new innovative materials. Chemical Society Reviews. 2015;(4):2032–2059. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00433g</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaczmarek A.M., Van Heckeb K., Van R. Deun nano- and micro-sized rare-earth carbonates and their use as precursors and sacrificial templates for the synthesis of new innovative materials. Chemical Society Reviews. 2015;(4):2032–2059. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00433g</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu S., Ma R. Preparation of crystalline precipitation of mixed rare earth carbonates. Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals. 1998;8(2):331–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2019.05.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu S., Ma R. Preparation of crystalline precipitation of mixed rare earth carbonates. Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals. 1998;8(2):331–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2019.05.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui Zh., Guo J., Wang D., Cao J., Wang. Zh. Stability of amorphous neodymium carbonate and morphology control of neodymium carbonate in non-hydrothermal synthesis. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2022;(579):126460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126460</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui Zh., Guo J., Wang D., Cao J., Wang. Zh. Stability of amorphous neodymium carbonate and morphology control of neodymium carbonate in non-hydrothermal synthesis. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2022;(579):126460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2021.126460</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallina B., Rodriguez-Blanco J.D., Brown A.P., Blanco J.A., Benning L.G. The role of amorphous precursors in the crystallization of La and Nd carbonates. Nanoscale. 2015;(7):12166–12179. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR01497B</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallina B., Rodriguez-Blanco J.D., Brown A.P., Blanco J.A., Benning L.G. The role of amorphous precursors in the crystallization of La and Nd carbonates. Nanoscale. 2015;(7):12166–12179. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR01497B</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallina B., Rodriguez-Blanco J., Blanco J., Benning L. The effect of heating on the morphology of crystalline neodymium hydroxycarbonate, NdCO3OH. Mineralogical Magazine. 2014;8(6):1391–1397. https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.6.05</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallina B., Rodriguez-Blanco J., Blanco J., Benning L. The effect of heating on the morphology of crystalline neodymium hydroxycarbonate, NdCO3OH. Mineralogical Magazine. 2014;8(6):1391–1397. https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2014.078.6.05</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Штуца М.Г., Кардаполов А.В., Филиппов В.Б., Сысина Н.А. Исследование процесса осаждения карбонатов РЗЭ. Известия Томского политехнического университета. 2003;306(5):71–74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shtutsa M.G., Kardapolov A.V., Filippov V.B., Sysina N.A. Investigation of the process of precipitation of REE carbonates. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2003;306(5):71–74. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim P., Anderko A., Navrotsky A., Riman R. Trends in structure and thermodynamic properties of normal rare earth carbonates and rare earth hydroxycarbonates. Mine­rals. 2018;8(3):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8030106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim P., Anderko A., Navrotsky A., Riman R. Trends in structure and thermodynamic properties of normal rare earth carbonates and rare earth hydroxycarbonates. Mine­rals. 2018;8(3):106. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8030106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagashima K., Wakita H., Mochizuki A. The synthesis of crytalline rare earth carbonates. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 1973;46:152–156.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagashima K., Wakita H., Mochizuki A. The synthesis of crytalline rare earth carbonates. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 1973;46:152–156.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spiridigliozzi L., Ferone C., Cioffi R., Bortolotti M., Dell’Agli G. New insights in the hydrothermal synthesis of rare-earth carbonates. Materials. 2019;12:2062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spiridigliozzi L., Ferone C., Cioffi R., Bortolotti M., Dell’Agli G. New insights in the hydrothermal synthesis of rare-earth carbonates. Materials. 2019;12:2062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pourmortazavi S.M., Rahimi-Nasrabadi M., Aghazadeh M., Ganjali M.R., Karimi M.S., Norouzi P. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of neodymium carbonate and neodymium oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2017;1150:411–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pourmortazavi S.M., Rahimi-Nasrabadi M., Aghazadeh M., Ganjali M.R., Karimi M.S., Norouzi P. Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of neodymium carbonate and neodymium oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Molecular Structure. 2017;1150:411–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanuki S., Matsushita K., Nishiwaki M., Majima H. Prepa­ration of Nd(III) carbonate by precipitation stripping of Nd(III)-loaded VA10. Metallurgical and Materials Transac­tions B. 2000;31(1):5–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-000-0125-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanuki S., Matsushita K., Nishiwaki M., Majima H. Prepa­ration of Nd(III) carbonate by precipitation stripping of Nd(III)-loaded VA10. Metallurgical and Materials Transac­tions B. 2000;31(1):5–13.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-000-0125-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chávez Portillo M., Vicencio Garrido M.A., Ramos Reynoso Y., Juárez Santiesteban H., Reyes Díaz A., Portillo Moreno O. Structural study of the rare earth compounds: Sm(OH)3 , NdOHCO3 , CeO2, and Ho2O3, prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition, and its correlation with crystal growth mechanism. Superficies y Vacío. 2023;36:230901. https://doi.org/10.47566/2023_syv36_1-230901</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chávez Portillo M., Vicencio Garrido M.A., Ramos Reynoso Y., Juárez Santiesteban H., Reyes Díaz A., Portillo Moreno O. Structural study of the rare earth compounds: Sm(OH)3 , NdOHCO3 , CeO2, and Ho2O3, prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition, and its correlation with crystal growth mechanism. Superficies y Vacío. 2023;36:230901. https://doi.org/10.47566/2023_syv36_1-230901</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spiridigliozzi L., Bortolotti M., Accardo G., Vergara A., Frattini D., Ferone C., Cioffi R., Dell’Agli G., An in-depth multi-technique characterization of rare earth carbo­nates – RE2(CO3)3·2H2O – owning tengerite-type structure. Journal of Rare Earths. 2021;40(8):1281–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2021.09.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spiridigliozzi L., Bortolotti M., Accardo G., Vergara A., Frattini D., Ferone C., Cioffi R., Dell’Agli G., An in-depth multi-technique characterization of rare earth carbonates – RE2(CO3)3·2H2O – owning tengerite-type structure. Journal of Rare Earths. 2021;40(8):1281–1290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jre.2021.09.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bogatyreva E.V., Nesterov N.V., Ermilov A.G., Melnik F., Mamzurina O.I., LopatinV.Yu. Influence of the genesis of neodymium cobaltite on its properties. Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal. 2022;13(2): 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1615/NanoSciTechnolIntJ.2022040210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogatyreva E.V., Nesterov N.V., Ermilov A.G., Melnik F., Mamzurina O.I., LopatinV.Yu. Influence of the genesis of neodymium cobaltite on its properties. Nanoscience and Technology: An International Journal. 2022;13(2): 73–91. https://doi.org/10.1615/NanoSciTechnolIntJ.2022040210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koryttsevaa A., Navrotsky A. Energetic insights into the crystallization of lanthanum carbonate amorphous precursors. Thermochimica Acta. 2020;688 (June):178605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2020.178605</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koryttsevaa A., Navrotsky A. Energetic insights into the crystallization of lanthanum carbonate amorphous precursors. Thermochimica Acta. 2020;688 (June):178605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2020.178605</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богатырева Е.В., Мельник Ф., Ермилов А.Г., Кулагин Б.Р., Пудовкина Г.И., Семенов. А.А. Способ получения карбонатов редкоземельных элементов: Патент 2729573 (РФ). 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogatyreva E. V., Melnik F., Ermilov A. G., Kulagin B.R., PudovkinaG.I., Semenov A. A. Method of obtaining carbonates of rare earth elements: Patent 2729573 (RF). 2020. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Геря В.О., Быданов Б.А., Алдушкин А.В., Ухорская В.О., Дронов Д.В., Долгов А.В. Способ получения карбонатов редко земельных элементов: Патент 2693176 (РФ).2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerya V.O., Bydanov B.A., Aldushkin A.V., Ukhors­kaya V.O., Dronov D.V., Dolgov A.V. Method of obtaining carbonates of rare earth elements: Patent 2693176 (RF). 2018. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нечаев А.В., Поляков Е.Г. О концепции развития отечественной сырьевой базы РЗМ. Минеральные ресурсы России. Экономика и управление. 2025;2:48–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nechaev A.V., Polyakov E.G. On the concept of development of the Russian raw materials base of the REM. Mineral’nye resursy Rossii. Еhkonomika i upravlenie. 2025;2:48–57. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isehaq S. Al-Nafai. Application of Pourbaix diagrams in the hydrometallurgical processing of bastnasite. Master Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isehaq S. Al-Nafai. Application of Pourbaix diagrams in the hydrometallurgical processing of bastnasite. Master Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуев В.В. Зависимость энтальпии образования из окислов сложных кристаллов от разности электроотрицательности катионов. Геохимия. 1986;(8):1160–1169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuev V.V. Dependence of the enthalpy of formation of complex crystals from oxides on the difference in electronegativity of cations. Geokhimiya. 1986;(8):1160–1169. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зуев В.В. Об оценке энтальпии образования сложных минералов с разносортными катионами. Геохимия. 1986;(7):961–1167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuev V.V. On the evaluation of the enthalpy of formation of complex minerals with different-grade cations. Geokhimiya. 1986;(7):961–1167. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Куликов Б.Ф., Зуев В.В., Вайншенкер И.А., Митенков Г.А. Минералогический справочник технолога обогатителя. Л.: Недра, 1985. 264 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulikov B.F., Zuev V.V., Vainshenker I.A., Mitenkov G.A. Mineralogical handbook of a concentrator technologist. Leningrad: Nedra, 1985. 264 р. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Выдыш С.О., Богатырева Е.В., Мельник Ф., Карташева А.И. Расчет энтальпии образования сложных соединений с учетом долевого вклада энергий связей. Обогащение руд. 2024;(2):20–26. https://doi.org/10.17580/or.2024.02.04</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vydysh S.O., Bogatyreva E.V., Melnik F., Kartasheva A.I. Calculation of the enthalpy of formation of complex compounds taking into account the contribution of bond energies.Obogashchenie rud. 2024;(2):20–26. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17580/or.2024.02.04</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Резницкий Л. А. Кристаллоэнергетика оксидов. М.: Диалог–МГУ, 1998. 146 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reznitsky L. A. Crystal energy of oxides. Moscow: Dialog–MGU, 1998. 146 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyawaki R., Kuriyama J., Nakai I. The redefinition of tengerite-(Y), Y2(CO3)3·2-3H2O, and its crystal structure. American Mineralogist. 1993;(78):425–432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyawaki R., Kuriyama J., Nakai I. The redefinition of tengerite-(Y), Y2(CO3)3·2-3H2O, and its crystal structure. American Mineralogist. 1993;(78):425–432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michiba K., Tahara T., Nakai I., Miyawaki R., Matsubara S. Crystal structure of hexagonal RE(CO3)OH. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 2011;(22): 518–530. https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2011.1222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michiba K., Tahara T., Nakai I., Miyawaki R., Matsubara S. Crystal structure of hexagonal RE(CO3)OH. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 2011;(22): 518–530. https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2011.1222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tahara T., Nakai I., Miyawaki R., Matsubara S. Crystal chemistry of RE(CO3)OH. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 2007;(222):326–334. https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2007.222.7.326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tahara T., Nakai I., Miyawaki R., Matsubara S. Crystal chemistry of RE(CO3)OH. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 2007;(222):326–334. https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2007.222.7.326</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morrison S.M., Andrade M.B., Wenz M.D., Doma­nik K.J., Downs R.T. Lanthanite-(Nd), Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O. Acta Crystallographica. 2013;69(Part 3):i15–i16. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536813003164</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morrison S.M., Andrade M.B., Wenz M.D., Doma­nik K.J., Downs R.T. Lanthanite-(Nd), Nd2(CO3)3·8H2O. Acta Crystallographica. 2013;69(Part 3):i15–i16. https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536813003164</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лидин Р.А., Андреева Л.Л., Молочко В.А. Константы неорганических веществ. М.: Дрофа, 2008. 685 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lidin R.A., Andreeva L.L., Molochko V.A. Constants of inorganic substances. Moscow: Drofa, 2008. 685 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Термические константы веществ. М.: АН СССР, 1978. Вып. 8. 536 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thermal constants of substances. Moscow: AN SSSR, 1978. Iss. 8. 536 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богатырева Е.В., Мельник Ф. Особенности осаждение карбоната неодима из азотнокислых растворов. Цветные металлы. 2026;(2):17–25. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2026.02.02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogatyreva E.V., Melnik F. Features precipitation of neodymium carbonate from nitric acid solutions. Tsvetnye metally. 2026;(2):17–25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2026.02.02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Le Bail A., Duroy H., Fourquet J. L. Ab-initio structure determination of LiSbWO6 by X-ray powder diffraction. Materials Research Bulletin, 1988; 23(3):447–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(88)90019-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Le Bail A., Duroy H., Fourquet J. L. Ab-initio structure determination of LiSbWO6 by X-ray powder diffraction. Materials Research Bulletin, 1988; 23(3):447–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(88)90019-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Информационные ресурсы для слушателей курса «Основы рентгеновской дифрактометрии». URL: https://pavelchizhov.wixsite.com/xraysonweb/химфак-2022 (дата обращения: 01.04.2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Information resources for students of the course “Fundamentals of X-ray Diffractometry”. URL: https://pavelchizhov.wixsite.com/xraysonweb/химфак-2022 (accessed: 01.04.2025). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
