cvmetИзвестия вузов. Цветная металлургияIzvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy0021-34382412-8783НИТУ МИСИС10.17073/0021-3438-2026-2-25-34cvmet-1772Research ArticleМеталлургия цветных металловMetallurgy of Non-Ferrous MetalsИзучение кинетики водного выщелачивания лития из «черной массы» литий-ионных аккумуляторовKinetics of aqueous lithium leaching from black mass of lithium-ion batterieshttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-7589-7049АлейниковС. А.AleynikovS. A.

Сергей Александрович Алейников – аспирант кафедры металлургии цветных металлов

Россия, 660041, г. Красноярск, пр-т Свободный, 79

Sergey A. Aleynikov – Postgraduate Student, Department of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy

79 Svobodny Prosp., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

saaleynikov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-7399БелоусоваН. В.BelousovaN. V.

Наталья Викторовна Белоусова – д.х.н., профессор, зав. кафедрой металлургии цветных металлов

Россия, 660041, г. Красноярск, пр-т Свободный, 79

Natalia V. Belousova – Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Professor, Head of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metallurgy

79 Svobodny Prosp., Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia

netmamba@mail.ruСибирский федеральный университетРоссияSiberian Federal UniversityRussian Federation2026080720263222534Copyright © Алейников С.А., Белоусова Н.В., 20262026Алейников С.А., Белоусова Н.В.Aleynikov S.A., Belousova N.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1772

Исследована кинетика водного выщелачивания лития из «черной массы» отработанных литий-ионных аккумуляторов. Эксперименты проводили при температурах 25 и 80 °C, соотношении Ж:Т = 10 и постоянном перемешивании в течение 2 ч. Установлено, что основное извлечение лития (≈55 %) происходит в первые 20–30 мин, после чего скорость процесса резко снижается. Для описания кинетики использованы модели псевдопервого и псевдовторого порядков, а также моделей Еловича, Аврами и сжимающегося ядра. Показано, что классическая модель сжимающегося ядра неприменима (R2 ≤ 0,79). Модель Аврами хотя и демонстрирует удовлетворительное визуальное совпадение, но приводит к отрицательной кажущейся энергии активации, что свидетельствует об ее непригодности. Установлено, что наилучшее согласие с экспериментальными данными обеспечивает модель Еловича, которая при нелинейном регрессионном анализе показала минимальные значения информационных критериев AICc и BIC. Рассчитанная по температурной зависимости параметра α энергия активации составила 31,8 кДж/моль, что соответствует смешанному контролю процесса. Модели псевдопервого и псевдовторого порядков, несмотря на высокие коэффициенты детерминации при линейном анализе, при нелинейной оценке дали существенно худшие результаты.

The kinetics of aqueous lithium leaching from black mass of spent lithium-ion batteries was studied. The experiments were carried out at 25 and 80 °C, a liquid-to-solid ratio (L:S) of 10, and constant stirring for 2 h. It was found that the most lithium extraction, approximately 55 %, occurs within the first 20–30 min, after which the process rate decreased sharply. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, Avrami, and shrinking core models were used to describe the leaching kinetics. The classical shrinking core model was shown to be inapplicable (R2 ≤ 0.79). Although the Avrami model provided a satisfactory visual fit, it yields a negative apparent activation energy, indicating that it was unsuitable for describing the process. The Elovich model showed the best agreement with the experimental data and, in nonlinear regression analysis, had the lowest AICc and BIC values. The activation energy calculated from the temperature dependence of the α parameter was 31.8 kJ/mol, corresponding to mixed process control. Despite their high coefficients of determination in linear analysis, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models gave substantially poorer results in nonlinear estimation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.