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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2026-1-47-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металловедение и термическая обработка</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности формирования структуры сплава АЛ25 при горячей деформации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural evolution of AL25 alloy during hot deformation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-1355</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонов</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonov</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Геннадьевич Трифонов – к.т.н., вед. науч. сотрудник, доцент кафедры технологии металлов в нефтегазовом машиностроении </p><p>450001, Респ. Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Ст. Халтурина, 39</p><p>450064, Респ. Башкортостан, Уфа, ул. Космонавтов, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim G. Trifonov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Associate Professor of the Department of Metal Technology in Oil and Gas Engineering </p><p>39 Khalturina Str., Ufa, Bashkortostan Republic 450001</p><p>1 Kosmonavtov Str., Ufa, Bashkortostan Republic 450064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vadimt@imsp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт проблем сверхпластичности металлов Российской академии наук;&#13;
Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трифонов В.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трифонов В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trifonov V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1754">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1754</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена вопросу повышения механических свойств сплавов системы Al–Si, в частности сложнолегированного силумина АЛ25, методами горячей деформации. Целью исследования являлась оценка влияния температуры и скорости горячей деформации сплава АЛ25 на размер зерен матрицы твердого раствора на основе алюминия, частиц кремния и интерметаллидов, а также на величину дефектов в виде микротрещин и микропор. Заготовки из сплава АЛ25 (состав, %: 12,0 Si, 3,0 Cu, 1,0 Mg, 1,2 Ni, 0,7 Mn, 0,7 Fe, остальное Al) получали литьем в кокиль. Микроструктурный анализ проводили на металлографическом микроскопе «Neophot-2» и растровом микроскопе «Tescan Mira 3 LHM». Деформирование заготовок осуществляли осадкой на плоских бойках в изотермическом штампе на гидравлическом прессе и растяжением при температурах t = 350÷500 °С в интервале скоростей деформации ε· = 10–4÷101 с–1 на универсальной электромеханической испытательной машине «Instron». Для оценки влияния деформации на структуру и свойства сплавов исходные заготовки деформировали при t = 400÷500 °С и ε· = 10–4 и 10–2 с–1. Термообработку проводили по режиму: закалка с температуры 515 °С, старение при t = 210 °С в течение 10 ч. Показано, что после всех режимов деформирования, последующей закалки и старения структура твердого раствора сплавов была мелкозернистая со средним размером зерен 7–15 мкм, рекристаллизованная. Рекристаллизация протекала при нагреве под закалку, если деформацию проводили при t = 350÷480 °С, а также до нагрева, как это наблюдалось в результате деформации при t = 500 °С. Зеренная структура твердого раствора была неоднородна по объему, что связано с неравномерностью распределения частиц кремния и интерметаллидов. Наименьший размер зерен наблюдался в эвтектических колониях, где сплав имел структуру типа «микродуплекс». Установлено, что в сплавах АЛ25 горячее деформирование осадкой приводило к дроблению частиц кремния и интерметаллидов. Процесс дробления сопровождался появлением в частицах трещин, которые росли в ширину, разделяя вновь образованные частицы. Трещины в эвтектических кристаллах кремния и интерметаллидах возникали при всех температурах деформации. В первичных кристаллах трещины имели место только при больших скоростях деформации – 101 с–1. Дробление частиц кремния и интерметаллидов определялось, в основном, степенью деформации. Образование дефектов в виде микротрещин и микропор зависело также от температуры и степени деформации. С увеличением последней возрастали суммарная площадь, занимаемая дефектами, их средняя площадь и общее количество. Установлена корреляция между структурой сплавов и их механическими свойствами. Определены оптимальные температурно-скоростные режимы деформации, обеспечивающие залечивание микротрещин и получение более высоких свойств длительной прочности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article addresses improvement of the mechanical properties of Al–Si alloys, in particular the complex-alloyed silumin AL25, by hot deformation. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of hot-deformation temperature and strain rate on the grain size of the aluminum-based solid-solution matrix, the size of silicon and intermetallic particles, and the amount of defects in the form of microcracks and micropores in AL25 alloy. AL25 alloy billets (composition, wt. %: 12.0 Si, 3.0 Cu, 1.0 Mg, 1.2 Ni, 0.7 Mn, 0.7 Fe, balance Al) were produced by permanent-mold casting. Microstructural analysis was performed using a Neophot-2 metallographic microscope and a Tescan Mira 3LHM scanning electron microscope. The billets were deformed by upsetting between f lat dies in an isothermal die on a hydraulic press and were tensile-tested at temperatures of 350–500 °C over a strain-rate range of 10–4–101 s–1 using an Instron universal electromechanical testing machine. To evaluate the effect of deformation on the structure and properties of the alloy, the initial billets were deformed at 400–500 °C and strain rates of 10–4 and 10–2 s–1. Heat treatment was carried out according to the following schedule: quenching from 515 °C and aging at 210 °C for 10 h. It was shown that, after all deformation conditions followed by quenching and aging, the solid-solution structure was fine grained and recrystallized, with an average grain size of 7–15 μm. Recrystallization occurred during heating prior to quenching when deformation was performed at 350–480 °C, and also before reheating, as observed after deformation at 500 °C. The grain structure of the solid solution was heterogeneous throughout the alloy volume because of the nonuniform distribution of silicon particles and intermetallics. The smallest grains were observed in eutectic colonies, where the alloy exhibited a microduplex-type structure. Hot upsetting of AL25 alloy caused fragmentation of silicon particles and intermetallics. This process was accompanied by crack initiation within the particles; the cracks then widened, separating the newly formed fragments. Cracks in eutectic silicon crystals and intermetallics formed at all deformation temperatures. In primary crystals, cracks were observed only at a high strain rate of – 101 с–1. Fragmentation of silicon particles and intermetallics was governed mainly by the degree of deformation. The formation of defects in the form of microcracks and micropores also depended on temperature and degree of deformation. As the degree of deformation increased, the total area occupied by defects, their average area, and their total number increased. A correlation was established between alloy structure and mechanical properties. Optimal temperature–strain-rate conditions were determined that promoted microcrack healing of and increased long-term strength.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сплав АЛ25</kwd><kwd>горячая деформация</kwd><kwd>термическая обработка</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>механические свойства.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AL25 alloy</kwd><kwd>hot deformation</kwd><kwd>heat treatment</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИПСМ РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The present work was accomplished according to the state assignment of IMSP RAS.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трусов П.В., Останина Т.В., Швейкин А.И. 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