cvmetИзвестия вузов. Цветная металлургияIzvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy0021-34382412-8783НИТУ "МИСИС"10.17073/0021-3438-2025-3-44-53cvmet-1712Research ArticleМеталлургия цветных металловMetallurgy of Non-Ferrous MetalsИсследование азотно-кислотного растворения стибнита с добавлением винной кислотыInvestigation of nitric acid dissolution of stibnite in the presence of tartaric acidhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7705-0864ДизерО. А.DizerO. A.

Олег Анатольевич Дизер – к.т.н., ст. науч. сотрудниклаборатории перспективных технологий комплексной переработки минерального и техногенного сырья цветных и черных металлов

620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Oleg A. Dizer – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher ofthe Laboratory of advanced technologies in non-ferrousand ferrous metals raw materials processing

19 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg 620002

oleg.dizer@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6308-4086ГоловкинД. И.GolovkinD. I.

Дмитрий Игоревич Головкин – к.т.н. мл. науч. сотрудник лаборатории перспективных технологий комплексной переработки минерального и техногенного сырья цветных и черных металлов

620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Dmitry I. Golovkin – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Junior Researcherof the Laboratory of advanced technologies in non-ferrous and ferrous metals raw materials processing

19 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg 620002

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4220-4330ШкляевЮ. Е.ShklyaevYu. E.

Юрий Евгеньевич Шкляев – инженер-исследователь лаборатории перспективных технологий комплексной переработки минерального и техногенного сырья цветных и черных металлов

620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Yuri E. Shklyaev – Research Engineer of the Laboratoryof advanced technologies in non-ferrous and ferrous metals raw materials processing

19 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg 620002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5940-040XРогожниковД. А.RogozhnikovD. A.

Денис Александрович Рогожников – д.т.н., зав. лабораторией перспективных технологий комплексной переработки минерального и техногенного сырья цветных и черных металлов

620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19

Denis A. Rogozhnikov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory of advanced technologies in non-ferrous and ferrous metals raw materials processing

19 Mira Str., Ekaterinburg 620002

Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. ЕльцинаРоссияUral Federal University n.a. the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin (UrFU)Russian Federation202509102025034453Copyright © Дизер О.А., Головкин Д.И., Шкляев Ю.Е., Рогожников Д.А., 20252025Дизер О.А., Головкин Д.И., Шкляев Ю.Е., Рогожников Д.А.Dizer O.A., Golovkin D.I., Shklyaev Y.E., Rogozhnikov D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1712

Работа посвящена изучению процесса азотно-кислотного выщелачивания стибнита с добавлением винной кислоты, выполняющей функцию комплексообразующего агента. Предлагаемый способ переработки стибнита обладает высокой актуальностью, поскольку сурьма широко используется в промышленности – от электроники до применения в качестве легирующих добавок. В ходе термодинамического анализа выявлено, что в процессе азотно-кислотного растворения стибнита неизбежно образуются оксиды сурьмы, что приводит к существенному снижению извлечения целевого металла в раствор. Для того чтобы снизить эти потери и повысить эффективность процесса, в качестве добавки предложено использовать винную кислоту. Исследования показали, что она способствует образованию стабильных комплексов с ионами сурьмы, что позволяет сохранить металл в растворе и минимизировать риск осаждения оксидов. С использованием математического планирования эксперимента установлено, что массовое соотношение винной кислоты к сурьме, а также концентрация азотной кислоты оказывают большее влияние на эффективность процесса выщелачивания, чем температура и продолжительность процесса. Определены оптимальные условия для достижения максимального значения извлечения сурьмы в раствор – 87 %: температура 35 °C, концентрация азотной кислоты 5 моль/дм3 , время выщелачивания 45 мин и массовое соотношение винной кислоты к сурьме 4,5 : 1,0.

This study explores the nitric acid leaching of stibnite in the presence of tartaric acid, which acts as a complexing agent. The proposed approach is of considerable interest, as antimony is widely used across industries, from electronics to alloying applications. Thermodynamic analysis showed that nitric acid dissolution of stibnite inevitably leads to the formation of antimony oxides, which markedly reduces the extraction of the target metal into solution. To counteract these losses and enhance process efficiency, tartaric acid was introduced as an additive. The results demonstrated that tartaric acid promotes the formation of stable complexes with antimony ions, thereby retaining the metal in solution and minimizing the risk of oxide precipitation. Experimental design analysis revealed that the mass ratio of tartaric acid to antimony and the nitric acid concentration exert a stronger influence on leaching efficiency than temperature and leaching duration. Optimal conditions were established, achieving an antimony extraction of 87 %: temperature 35 °C, nitric acid concentration 5 mol/dm3 , leaching time 45 min, and a tartaric acid-to-antimony mass ratio of 4.5 : 1.0.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.