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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2025-1-58-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1658</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металловедение и термическая обработка</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние ротационной ковки на структуру и механические свойства двух эвтектических сплавов систем Al–La и Al–Ca–La</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of rotary forging on the structure and mechanical properties of two eutectic alloys of the Al–La and Al–Ca–La systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-1952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Александрович Андреев – к.т.н., вед. науч. сотрудник </p><p>119334, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Andreev – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-7584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горшенков</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorshenkov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Владимирович Горшенков – к.т.н., доцент кафедры физического материаловедения </p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail V. Gorshenkov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Professor of the Department of physical materials science</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4419-2943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Александровна Наумова – к.т.н., доцент кафедры обработки металлов давлением </p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Naumova – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Professor of the Department of metal forming</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-7748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогачев</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogachev</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станислав Олегович Рогачев – д.т.н., доцент кафедры металловедения и физики прочности </p><p>119334, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 49</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav O. Rogachev – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Professor of the Department of physical metallurgy and physics of strength</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences; National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреев В.А., Горшенков М.В., Наумова Е.А., Рогачев С.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреев В.А., Горшенков М.В., Наумова Е.А., Рогачев С.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreev V.А., Gorshenkov M.V., Naumova E.A., Rogachev S.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1658">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1658</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработанные в последние годы алюминиевые сплавы на основе эвтектики системы алюминий–кальций обладают превосходными литейными свойствами и, в отличие от силуминов, хорошо деформируются. Создание многокомпонентных сплавов, в которых кальций частично замещен лантаном, церием, никелем и другими эвтектикообразующими элементами, позволяет улучшать свойства сплавов за счет формирования более дисперсной эвтектики, а также повышать их теплостойкость. Все перечисленные сплавы можно упрочнять деформационными методами, при этом особенно эффективны методы больших пластических деформаций. Среди них ротационная ковка представляет наибольший интерес ввиду возможности получения длинномерных заготовок. Лантан в определенной концентрации эффективно повышает пластичность, поэтому сплав системы Al–La является наиболее подходящим для деформационной обработки. Было изучено влияние ротационной ковки на микроструктуру и механические свойства двух эвтектических сплавов: Al–10La и Al–6Ca–3La (мас. %). Ротационную ковку заготовок в исходно литом состоянии с начального диаметра 20 мм на конечный номинальный диаметр 5 мм осуществляли в изотермических условиях: для сплава Al–10La – при комнатной температуре, а для сплава Al–6Ca–3La – при t = 200 °С. Установлено, что в результате ротационной ковки структура обоих сплавов становится вытянутой, внутри дендритов формируются зерна микронного размера, а частицы эвтектики измельчаются. При этом в сплаве Al–10La наблюдается низкая плотность дислокаций, в то время как в сплаве Al–6Ca–3La – повышенная. Сплав Al–10La склонен к небольшому разупрочнению в условиях ротационной ковки, в отличие от сплава Al–6Ca–3La, который проявляет заметную тенденцию к деформационному упрочнению (прочность увеличивается в 2 раза); при этом оба сплава в состоянии после ковки сохраняют высокую пластичность (относительное удлинение). Уровень прочности обоих сплавов сохраняется после отжига при t = 300 °С. Предел прочности сплава Al–6Ca–3La при температуре испытания 300 °С выше в сравнении со сплавом Al–10La – соответственно 53 и 44 МПа. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Recently developed aluminum alloys based on the eutectic composition of the Al–Ca system exhibit excellent casting properties and, unlike silumins, show good deformability. The development of multi-component alloys, where calcium is partially replaced by lanthanum, cerium, nickel, and other eutectic-forming elements, improves their properties by producing a finer eutectic structure and enhancing their heat resistance. These alloys can all be strengthened through deformation, with severe plastic deformations being especially effective. Among these methods, rotary forging is of particular interest due to its ability to produce long billets. Lanthanum, at a specific concentration, significantly improves the alloy’s plasticity, making the Al–La system particularly well-suited for deformation processing. This study investigates the effect of rotary forging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of two eutectic alloys, Al–10La and Al–6Ca–3La (wt. %). Billets in the as-cast state were rotary forged from an initial diameter of 20 mm to a final nominal diameter of 5 mm under isothermal conditions: at room temperature for the Al–10La alloy and at 200 °C for the Al–6Ca–3La alloy. The results showed that rotary forging led to an elongated structure in both alloys, with micron-sized grains forming inside the dendrites and eutectic particles being refined. In the Al–10La alloy, the dislocation density was low, while in the Al–6Ca–3La alloy, the dislocation density was higher. The Al–10La alloy showed a slight tendency to soften during rotary forging, whereas the Al–6Ca–3La alloy exhibited a marked tendency to strengthen (its strength doubled). Both alloys retained high plasticity (elongation) after forging. After annealing at 300 °C, the strength of both alloys remained stable. The tensile strength of the Al–6Ca–3La alloy at 300 °C was higher than that of the Al–10La alloy, with values of 53 MPa and 44 MPa, respectively.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>алюминиевый сплав</kwd><kwd>ротационная ковка</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aluminum alloy</kwd><kwd>rotary forging</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИМЕТ РАН № 075-00320-24-00.  Благодарим М.А. Барыкина за помощь в получении слитков и А.В. Дорошенко за помощь в проведении исследований.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out within the state assignment of Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Russian Academy of Sciences (project No. 075-00320-24-00).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozturk K., Chen Long-Qing, Liu Zi-Kui. Thermodynamic assessment of the Al—Ca binary system using random solution and associate models. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2002;340(1—2):199—206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8388(01)01713-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozturk K., Chen Long-Qing, Liu Zi-Kui. Thermodynamic assessment of the Al—Ca binary system using random solution and associate models. 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