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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2024-3-5-24</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1629</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металлургия цветных металлов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность обезмеживания шламов электролитического рафинирования вторичной меди</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effectiveness of secondary copper electrolytic refining slime decopperization</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4742-3966</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выдыш</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vydysh</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Степан Олегович Выдыш – аспирант кафедры цветных металлов и золота</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stepan O. Vydysh – Postgraduate Student of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold</p><p>4 Bld. 1 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vydyshso@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2753-3424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyreva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Богатырева – д.т.н., проф., доцент кафедры цветных металлов и золота</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Bogatyreva – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor of the Department of Non-Ferrous Metals and Gold</p><p>4 Bld. 1 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Helen_Bogatureva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Выдыш С.О., Богатырева Е.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Выдыш С.О., Богатырева Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vydysh S.O., Bogatyreva E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1629">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1629</self-uri><abstract><p>Обоснована актуальность замены системы шлам–H2SO4–H2O для переработки шламов электролитического рафинирования вторичной меди (ЭРВМ) системой шлам–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O. Выполнены комплексные исследования характеристик образца шлама ЭРВМ. Установлено, что около 90 % меди распределено между фазами Cu2O и прочими при общем содержании Cu 55,12 %. Обнаружена новая фаза Сu4(OH)6SO4, соответствующая минералу брошантит, содержание которой в шламе составляет 6,40 %. Серебро при его концентрации в шламе 2,43 % на 69,1 % присутствует в металлическом состоянии, остальное в соединении AgCl. Содержание попутных компонентов PbSO4, BaSO4 и SnO2 составляет 13,52, 9,33 и 4,73 % соответственно. Для обоснования возможности низкотемпературного гидрометаллургического вскрытия компонентов шлама и необходимых для его реализации режимов, обусловленных особенностями качественного и количественного составов шлама, выполнен термодинамический анализ системы шлам–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O, позволивший обнаружить и математически описать зависимости показателей процесса выщелачивания меди от состава аммиачно-аммонийной смеси (аммиачного буфера). Построена номограмма теоретического расчета минимального избытка NH3·H2O/NH4+ от стехиометрически необходимого количества, требуемого для полного протекания реакции комплексообразования аммиаката меди в соответствии с величинами pH равновесного аммиачно-аммонийного раствора и концентрации в нем меди. Термодинамическими расчетами определены оптимальный состав аммиачно-аммонийных растворов и их расход, а также характеристики пульпы выщелачивания: концентрация [Cu(NH3)4]2+ и окислительно-восстановительный потенциал. Технологические исследования показали возможность эффективного и селективного извлечения меди из шламов ЭРВМ не менее чем 99 % в системе шлам–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O, что подтверждено экспериментально. Проведены исследования кинетики выщелачивания меди из шлама в системе шлам–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O. Определена энергия активации процесса аммиачно-аммонийного выщелачивания меди из шлама ЭРВМ (Ea = 5±0,25 кДж/моль) в интервале температур от 15 до 45 °C при суммарной концентрации буферной системы [NH3·H2O] + [NH4+] 1 и 2 моль/л, а также порядок по реагенту при температуре 24±1 °С, равный 0,24±0,02 и 0,91±0,05 для [NH3·H2O] + [NH4+] более 1,5 моль/л и менее 1,5 моль/л соответственно. Обнаружена смена кинетического режима выщелачивания с лимитированием скорости процесса адсорбцией реагентов на поверхности твердых частиц на диффузионный при снижении суммарной концентрации буферной системы [NH3·H2O] + [NH4+] ниже 1,5 моль/л. Определено уравнение формальной кинетики исследованного процесса в системе шлам–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of replacing the slime–H2SO4–H2O system used for processing slimes from secondary copper electrolytic refining (SCER) with a slime–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O system has been substantiated. Comprehensive studies of the characteristics of SCER slime samples were conducted. It was found that about 90 % of the copper is distributed between the Cu2O phase and other phases, with a total copper content of 55.12 %. A new phase, Cu4(OH)6SO4, corresponding to the mineral brochantite, was discovered, with a content in the slime of 6.40 %. Silver, with a concentration of 2.43 % in the slime, is present in metallic form at 69.1 %, with the remainder in the form of AgCl. The contents of associated components PbSO4, BaSO4, and SnO2 are 13.52 %, 9.33 %, and 4.73 %, respectively. To substantiate the feasibility of low-temperature hydrometallurgical opening of the slime components and the conditions necessary for its implementation, determined by the specific qualitative and quantitative compositions of the slime, a thermodynamic analysis of the slime–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O system was performed. This analysis allowed for the discovery and mathematical description of the dependencies of copper leaching indicators on the composition of the ammonia-ammonium mixture (ammonia buffer). A nomogram for the theoretical calculation of the minimum excess NH3·H2O/NH4+ over the stoichiometrically necessary amount required for the complete formation of the copper ammine complex was constructed according to the equilibrium ammonia-ammonium solution's pH and copper concentration. Thermodynamic calculations determined the optimal composition and consumption of ammonia-ammonium solutions, as well as the characteristics of the leach pulp, such as the concentration of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and the redox potential. Technological studies demonstrated the possibility of effective and selective extraction of copper from SCER slimes at a rate of no less than 99 % in the slime–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O system, which was confirmed experimentally. Studies of the kinetics of copper leaching from slime in the slime–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O system were conducted. The activation energy of the ammonia-ammonium copper leaching process from SCER slime (Ea = 5±0.25 kJ/mol) was determined within the temperature range from 15 to 45 °C at a total buffer system concentration [NH3·H2O] + [NH4+] of 1 and 2 mol/L, as well as the order of reaction at a temperature of 24±1 °C, which is 0.24±0.02 and 0.91±0.05 for [NH3·H2O] + [NH4+] concentrations above 1.5 mol/L and below 1.5 mol/L, respectively. A change in the kinetic mode of leaching with the limitation of the reaction rate by adsorption of reagents on the surface of solid particles to diffusion was detected when the total buffer system concentration [NH3·H2O] + [NH4+] was reduced below 1.5 mol/L. The equation for the formal kinetics of the investigated process in the slime–NH3·H2O–(NH4)2SO4–H2O system was determined.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>серебро</kwd><kwd>вторичная медь</kwd><kwd>шлам</kwd><kwd>фазовый состав</kwd><kwd>термодинамический анализ</kwd><kwd>выщелачивание</kwd><kwd>кинетика</kwd><kwd>кинетические модели</kwd><kwd>скорость выщелачивания</kwd><kwd>буферные системы</kwd><kwd>ресурсосбережение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>silver</kwd><kwd>secondary copper</kwd><kwd>slime</kwd><kwd>phase composition</kwd><kwd>thermodynamic analysis</kwd><kwd>leaching</kwd><kwd>kinetics</kwd><kwd>kinetic models</kwd><kwd>leaching rate</kwd><kwd>buffer systems</kwd><kwd>resource conservation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Copper Study group (Monthly Press Release). 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