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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2023-6-66-83</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1557</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металловедение и термическая обработка</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Physical Metallurgy and Heat Treatment</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Восстановление стенок кристаллизаторов машин непрерывного литья заготовок из хромоциркониевой бронзы методом многопроходной сварки трением с перемешиванием</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Restoration of continuous casting machine mold copper plates made of Cr–Zr bronze using multi-pass friction stir lap welding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2228-0643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Викторович Макаров – д.т.н., чл.-корр. РАН, гл. науч. сотрудник, зав. отделом материаловедения и лабораторией механических свойств, </p><p>620108, г. Екатеринбург, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Makarov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of Materials Science Department, Head of Mechanical Properties Laboratory,</p><p>18, S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620108.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">av-mak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9483-6607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лежнин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lezhnin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никита Владимирович Лежнин – к.т.н., ст. науч. сотрудник лаборатории механических свойств, </p><p>620108, г. Екатеринбург, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikita V. Lezhnin – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Research Scientist of Mechanical Properties Laboratory,</p><p>18, S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620108.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nlezhnin@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9471-9378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котельников</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotelnikov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Борисович Котельников – ген. директор,</p><p>620143, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Краснознамённая, 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander B. Kotelnikov – General Director,</p><p>5, Krasnoznamennaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620143.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">office@mashprom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0179-5453</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вопнерук</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vopneruk</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Вопнерук – к.т.н., руководитель проекта,</p><p>620143, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Краснознамённая, 5.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Vopneruk – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Project Manager,</p><p>5, Krasnoznamennaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620143.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vopneruk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-918X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коробов</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korobov</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Станиславович Коробов – д.т.н., гл. науч. сотрудник, зав. лабораторией лазерной и плазменной обработки; профессор кафедры технологии сварочного производства,</p><p>620108, г. Екатеринбург, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18;</p><p>620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuri S. Korobov – Dr. Sci. (Eng), Chief Research Scientist, Head of Laboratory of Laser and Plasma Processing; Professor of the Department of Welding Production Technology,</p><p>18, S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620108;</p><p>19, Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yukorobov@imp.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5539-4295</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиуллин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiullin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Илдарович Валиуллин – к.т.н., науч. сотрудник лаборатории механических свойств,</p><p>620108, г. Екатеринбург, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey I. Valiullin – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Scientist of Mechanical Properties Laboratory,</p><p>18, S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620108.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_valiullin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4958-3027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Георгиевна Волкова – к.ф.-м.н., ст. науч. сотрудник лаборатории механических свойств, </p><p>620108, г. Екатеринбург, ул. С. Ковалевской, 18.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena G. Volkova – Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Research Scientist of Mechanical Properties Laboratory,</p><p>18, S. Kovalevskaya Str., Yekaterinburg, 620108.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkova@imp.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЗАО «НПП “Машпром”»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>R&amp;D Enterprise “Mashprom”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики металлов им. М.Н. Михеева УрО РАН; Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Макаров А.В., Лежнин Н.В., Котельников А.Б., Вопнерук А.А., Коробов Ю.С., Валиуллин А.И., Волкова Е.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макаров А.В., Лежнин Н.В., Котельников А.Б., Вопнерук А.А., Коробов Ю.С., Валиуллин А.И., Волкова Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makarov A.V., Lezhnin N.V., Kotelnikov A.B., Vopneruk A.A., Korobov Y.S., Valiullin A.I., Volkova E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1557">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1557</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработана и практически реализована инновационная технология восстановительного ремонта и производства новых стенок кристаллизаторов машин непрерывного литья заготовок (МНЛЗ) с износостойкими композиционными покрытиями, значительно (до 20 раз) превосходящих ресурс импортных стенок с гальваническими покрытиями. Однако нерешенной остается актуальная задача восстановления медных стенок (плит) кристаллизаторов после достижения ими минимально допустимой толщины. Целью работы являлось исследование возможности восстановления плиты из дисперсионно-твердеющей хромоциркониевой бронзы марки БрХЦр этим же материалом с использованием сварки трением с перемешиванием (СТП), изучение структуры, качества и твердости сварного соединения, а также влияния на его структуру и твердость термической обработки (закалки и старения). С применением многопроходной плоскостной СТП вращающимся инструментом из жаропрочного сплава при наложении (частичном перекрытии) последовательных дорожек получено сварное соединение толщиной ~5 мм без критичных дефектов сплошности (трещин, пор). В восстановленном способом СТП слое бронзы обнаружено разупрочнение до 85–105 HV1 по сравнению с исходной твердостью бронзы в закаленном и состаренном состоянии плиты, бывшей в эксплуатации (116–126 HV1). Это связано с рекристаллизацией и перестариванием (укрупнением частиц хрома) в Cr–Zr-бронзе в результате нагрева ядра сварки (зоны перемешивания) до температур 600–700 °С. Отмеченное разупрочнение при СТП может быть эффективно устранено термической обработкой (закалкой с последующим старением), приводящей к повышению твердости до 120–150 HV1. Восстановление медных плит до первоначальной толщины прогрессивным экологичным методом СТП с последующим нанесением износостойких композиционных покрытий открывает перспективы практически бесконечного цикла эксплуатации кристаллизаторов и исключения потребности России в их импорте.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An innovative technology has been developed and implemented for the restoration and manufacturing of new mold copper plates for continuous casting machines (CCMs) using wear-resistant composite coatings. These copper plates significantly surpass the service life of imported copper plates featuring galvanic coatings, sometimes by up to 20 times. However, the pressing challenge of restoring the copper plates of molds once they have reached the minimum permissible thickness remains unresolved. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of restoring a plate composed of precipitation-hardening Cr–Zr bronze with the same material by employing friction stir lap welding (FSLW). The objectives were to examine the structure, quality, and hardness of the welded joint, alongside investigating the impact of heat treatment (quenching and aging). By utilizing multi-pass FSLW method with a rotating tool crafted from a heat-resistant alloy and overlapping (partially overlapping) successive passes, a welded joint with a thickness of ~5 mm was achieved, devoid of critical continuity flaws (cracks or voids). Within the bronze layer restored through FSW, a softening effect ranging from 85–105 HV1 was observed compared to the initial hardness of the bronze in its hardened and aged state while in service (116–126 HV1). This is attributed to recrystallization and overaging, specifically the coarsening of chromium particles within the Cr–Zr bronze due to the heating of the weld nugget (stir zone) to 600–700 °C. The observed softening effect during FSW can be effectively rectified through heat treatment involving dissolution of the hardening phases followed by aging, resulting in a hardness increase to approximately 120–150 HV1. The process of restoring copper plates to their original thickness via the progressive and environmentally friendly FSW method, followed be the subsequent application of wear-resistant composite coatings, presents the opportunity for an almost infinite operational cycle of molds. This advancement could potentially eradicate the necessity for Russia to rely on importing such molds copper plates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>плита кристаллизатора</kwd><kwd>восстановительный ремонт</kwd><kwd>бронза</kwd><kwd>сварка трением с перемешиванием (СТП)</kwd><kwd>твердость</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>закалка</kwd><kwd>старение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mold copper plate</kwd><kwd>restoration</kwd><kwd>bronze</kwd><kwd>friction stir lap welding (FSLW)</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>hardening</kwd><kwd>aging</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России (тема «Структура», № 122021000033-2) и комплексного проекта «Разработка новых материалов и технологий для формирования покрытий, стойких в условиях абразивного и коррозионного изнашивания» УМНОЦ мирового уровня «Передовые производственные технологии и материалы». Работа выполнена с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Испытательный центр нанотехнологий и перспективных материалов» ИФМ УрО РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research received support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Research topic “Structure” No. 122021000033-2) and from the integrated project titled “Development of new materials and technologies for the formation of coatings resistant to abrasive and corrosive wear” (Ural Interregional Research and Education Center for Advanced Production Technologies and Materials). The work used equipment from the Shared Use Center “Testing Center for Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials” (Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котельников А.Б., Вопнерук А.А., Макаров А.В., Коробов Ю.С., Киричков А.А., Дагман А.И., Шифрин И.Н. Новые материалы и технологии существенного повышения износостойкости рабочей поверхности металлургического оборудования. Тяжелое машиностроение. 2018;(9):14—20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotelnikov A.V., Vopneruk A.A., Makarov A.V., Korobov Yu.S., Kirichkov A.A., Dagman A.I., Shefrin I.N. New materials and technologies for significantly increase the wear resistance of the working surface of metallurgical equipment. Tyazheloe mashinostroenie. 2018;(9):14—20. 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