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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2023-3-38-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1507</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Литейное производство</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Foundry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность многопоточных вычислений в системах компьютерного моделирования литейных процессов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The efficiency of multithreaded computing in casting simulation software</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3214-1935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баженов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazhenov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вячеслав Евгеньевич Баженов – к.т.н., доцент кафедры литейных технологий и художественной обработки материалов</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav E. Bazhenov – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Prof.,Department of Foundry Technologies and Material ArtWorking</p><p>4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">V.E.Bagenov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8376-0480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колтыгин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koltygin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Вадимович Колтыгин – к.т.н., доцент кафедры</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Koltygin – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assistant Prof., Department of FT&amp;MAW</p><p>4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">misistlp@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-0330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Андреевна Никитина – учебный мастер кафедры</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Nikitina – Educat. Master, Department of FT&amp;MAW</p><p>4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitina.misis@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3607-8144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Дмитриевич Белов – д.т.н., заведующий кафедрой</p><p>119049, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir D. Belov – Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Department of FT&amp;MAW</p><p>4 Leninskiy Prosp., Moscow, 119049</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vdbelov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарев</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarev</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Алексеевич Лазарев – главный металлург</p><p>443009, г. Самара, ул. Заводское шоссе, 29</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii A. Lazarev – Head Metallurgist</p><p>29 Zavodskoe Shosse, Samara, 443009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ea.lazarev@uec-kuznetsov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology «MISIS»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «ОДК-Кузнецов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PJSC «UEC-Kuznetsov»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баженов В.Е., Колтыгин А.В., Никитина А.А., Белов В.Д., Лазарев Е.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баженов В.Е., Колтыгин А.В., Никитина А.А., Белов В.Д., Лазарев Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bazhenov V.E., Koltygin A.V., Nikitina A.A., Belov V.D., Lazarev E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1507">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1507</self-uri><abstract><p>Применение систем компьютерного моделирования литейных процессов (СКМ ЛП) становится обязательным при разработке литейной технологии в авиации и других наукоемких областях техники. В связи с увеличением числа расчетных ядер в современных процессорах актуальным становится осуществление многопоточных вычислений. В работе оценивалась эффективность многопоточных вычислений при моделировании литейных процессов с помощью конечно-элементных СКМ ЛП «ProCast» и «ПолигонСофт», использующих архитектуры параллельных расчетов с распределенной (DMP) и общей (SMP) памятью соответственно. Для вычислений применяли компьютеры на базе платформ от компаний «Intel» и «AMD». Число расчетных потоков варьировали от 4 до 32. Эффективность оценивали по приросту скорости расчета заполнения и затвердевания отливки «ГП25» из сплава МЛ10, а также решения сложной задачи моделирования заполнения и затвердевания корпусных отливок из никелевого жаропрочного сплава с учетом радиационного теплообмена. Показано, что минимальное время расчета в СКМ ЛП «ProCast» наблюдается при использовании 16 вычислительных потоков. Причем это характерно для обеих вычислительных систем (на процессорах «Intel» и «AMD»), и увеличение числа потоков выше этого предела не имеет практического смысла. Снижение производительности в данном случае может быть связано с наличием малопроизводительных энергоэффективных ядер в случае применения системы на процессоре «Intel», а также полной загрузки физических ядер и уменьшением частоты ядер для системы на процессоре от «AMD». Распараллеливание задачи моделирования в СКМ ЛП «ПолигонСофт» менее эффективно, чем в СКМ ЛП «ProCast», вследствие реализации архитектуры с общей памятью. В то же время, несмотря на значительную разницу в эффективности распараллеливания, задача затвердевания отливки «ГП25» в СКМ ЛП «ПолигонСофт» и «ProCast» решается за достаточно близкое время.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The utilization of computer simulation software for casting process simulation is becoming essential in the advancement of casting technology in aviation and other high-tech engineering fields. With the increase in the number of computational cores in modern CPUs, the use of multi-threaded computations is becoming increasingly relevant. In this study, the efficiency of multi-threaded computations in modeling casting processes was evaluated using finite element method casting simulation software ProCast and PoligonSoft, which utilize parallel computing architectures with distributed (DMP) and shared (SMP) memory, respectively. Computations were performed on Intel and AMD-based computers, varying the number of computational threads from 4 to 32. The calculation efficiency was evaluated by measuring the calculation speed increase in the filling and solidification of GP25 castings made of ML10 alloy, as well as the complex task of filling and solidification modeling nickel superalloy casing castings with radiation heat transfer simulation. The results indicate that the minimum computation time in ProCast software is observed when using 16 computational threads. This pattern holds true for both computing systems (Intel and AMD processors), and increasing the number of threads beyond this point does not make a practical difference. The performance decrease in this scenario can be attributed to the low-performance energy-efficient cores in systems based on Intel processors or the decrease in core frequency and full loading of physical cores in systems based on AMD processors. Multi-threading the modeling task in PoligonSoft software is less efficient than in ProCast, which is a result of the shared-memory architecture used in PoligonSoft. Despite the significant difference in parallel efficiency, the task of GP25 casting solidification in both PoligonSoft and ProCast is solved in a time close enough to be considered sufficient.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>компьютерное моделирование литейных процессов</kwd><kwd>многопоточные вычисления</kwd><kwd>ProCast</kwd><kwd>ПолигонСофт</kwd><kwd>SMP</kwd><kwd>DMP</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>casting simulation</kwd><kwd>multithreaded computing</kwd><kwd>ProCast</kwd><kwd>PoligonSoft</kwd><kwd>SMP</kwd><kwd>DMP</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках постановления Правительства № 218 по соглашению о предоставлении субсидии № 075-11-2022-023 от 06.04.2022 г. «Создание технологии изготовления уникальных крупногабаритных отливок из жаропрочных сплавов для газотурбинных двигателей, ориентированной на использование отечественного оборудования и организацию современного ресурсоэффективного, компьютероориентированного литейного производства».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research received financial support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075-11-2022-023 from 06 April 2022) under the program «Scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation» according to governmental decree № 218 dated 9 April 2010.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwiegelshohn U., Badia R.M., Bubak M., Danelutto M., Dustdar S., Gagliardi F., Geiger A., Hluchy L., Kranzlmüller D., Laure E., Priol T., Reinefeld A., Resch M., Reuter A., Rienhoff O., Rüter T., Sloot P., Talia D., Ullmann K., Yahyapour R., von Voigt G. 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