cvmetИзвестия вузов. Цветная металлургияIzvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy0021-34382412-8783НИТУ МИСИС10.17073/0021-3438-2022-4-25-44cvmet-1392Research ArticleМеталлургия редких и благородных металловMetallurgy of Rare and Precious MetalsОбзор способов извлечения и концентрирования примесей в материалах на основе редкоземельных элементов для методов спектрального и масс-спектрального анализаReview of separation and concentration techniques for impurities in rare earth-based materials for further spectral and mass spectral analysisПетроваК. В.PetrovaK. V.

канд. техн. наук, ст. науч. сотрудник

119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 31

Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior researcher

119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 31

gkv007@mail.ruЕськинаВ. В.Es’kinaV. V.

канд. техн. наук, науч. сотрудник

111524, г. Москва, Электродная ул., 2, стр. 1

Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Researcher

111524, Russia, Moscow, Elektrodnaya str., 2, buil. 1)

vasilina92@mail.ruБарановскаяВ. Б.BaranovskayaV. B.

докт. хим. наук., доцент, вед. науч. сотрудник

119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 31

Dr. Sci. (Chem.), Associate prof., Senior Research fellow

119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 31

baranovskaya@list.ruДоронинаМ. С.DoroninaM. S.

канд. техн. наук, науч. сотрудник

119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 31

 

119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 31

ms.semenova@gmail.comКоротковаН. А.KorotkovaN. A.

мл. науч. сотрудник

119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 31

Researcher

119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 31

natalya.korotkova.95@mail.ruАрхипенкоА. А.ArkhipenkoA. A.

мл. науч. сотрудник

119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 31

Researcher

119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 31

alexandra622@mail.ruИнститут общей и неорганической химии им. Н.С. Курнакова Российской академии наук (ИОНХ РАН)РоссияKurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IGIC RAS)Russian FederationГосударственный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт редкометаллической промышленности (АО «Гиредмет»)РоссияState Research and Design Institute of Rare Metal Industry «Giredmet»Russian Federation2022180820222842544Copyright © Петрова К.В., Еськина В.В., Барановская В.Б., Доронина М.С., Короткова Н.А., Архипенко А.А., 20222022Петрова К.В., Еськина В.В., Барановская В.Б., Доронина М.С., Короткова Н.А., Архипенко А.А.Petrova K.V., Es’kina V.V., Baranovskaya V.B., Doronina M.S., Korotkova N.A., Arkhipenko A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1392

Эффективность применения материалов на основе редкоземельных элементов (РЗЭ) во многом зависит от их примесного состава, который влияет на их структуру и свойства. Перед аналитическим контролем качества материалов на основе РЗЭ и исходных веществ для их получения ставится задача определения с высокими чувствительностью и точностью как макрокомпонентов, так и примесных элементов. Для выявления примесей в редкоземельных материалах в диапазоне концентраций от 10–5 до 5,0 мас.% зачастую применяют комплекс методов атомно-эмиссионного и масс-спектрального анализа. Однако исследование таких материалов даже с использованием указанных высокочувствительных методов является сложной задачей в связи со спектральными и матричными влияниями. Поэтому необходимы различные процедуры предварительного извлечения/концентрирования для определения как редкоземельных, так и нередкоземельных примесей. В данной статье проведен обзор публикаций, содержащих способы предварительного концентрирования для спектральных и масс-спектральных методов анализа материалов на основе РЗЭ и, частично, ряда других аналитических приемов. Показано, что самыми распространенными подходами являются жидкостная экстракция и хроматография. Также применяют сорбцию, мицеллярную экстракцию и соосаждение. Универсального метода не существует. Каждый из обсуждаемых в данной статье способов имеет свои достоинства и ограничения. Аналитическое завершение метода подтверждает эффективность выбранного способа извлечения/концентрирования в каждом конкретном случае.

The effectiveness of using materials based on rare earth elements (REE) largely depends on their impurity composition, which affects their structure and properties. Before the analytical quality control of REE-based materials and initial substances for their production, it is necessary to determine both macrocomponents and impurity elements with high sensitivity and accuracy. A complex of atomic emission and mass spectral analytical methods is often used for the determination of impurities in REE-based materials in the range from 10–5 to 5.0 wt.%. However, the analysis of such materials, even using these modern high-sensitivity methods is a difficult task due to spectral and matrix interferences. Therefore, different preliminary separation/concentration procedures are needed to determine both rare earth and other impurities. This article reviews publications is devoted to preconcentration methods for spectral and mass spectral analysis of REEbased materials and, in part, a number of other analytical techniques. It was shown that the most common approaches are liquid extraction and chromatography. Sorption, cloud-point extraction and coprecipitation are also used. There is no universal method. Each of the methods discussed in this article has its own advantages and limitations. The analytical completion of the method confirms the effectiveness of the selected separation/concentration method in each specific case.

редкоземельные элементы (РЗЭ)извлечениеконцентрированиеспектральный анализмасс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (МС-ИСП)атомно-эмиссионная спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (АЭС-ИСП)rare earth elements (REE)separationconcentrationspectral analysisinductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 20-13-00180)The study was supported by the grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project № 20-13-00180)ReferencesLi D., Li Y., Pan D., Zhang Z., Choi C.J. Prospect and status of iron-based rare-earth-free permanent magnetic materials. J. Magnetism and Magnetic Mater. 2019. Vol. 4691. P. 535—544.Li D., Li Y., Pan D., Zhang Z., Choi C.J. Prospect and status of iron-based rare-earth-free permanent magnetic materials. J. Magnetism and Magnetic Mater. 2019. Vol. 4691. P. 535—544.Барановская В.Б., Карпов Ю.А., Петрова К.В., Короткова Н.А. Актуальные тенденции применения редкоземельных металлов и их соединений в производстве магнитных и люминесцентных материалов. Обзор. Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия. 2020. No. 6. С. 4—23.Baranovskaya V.B., Karpov Yu.A., Petrova K.V., Korotkova N.A. Actual trends in the application of rare-earth metals and their compounds in the production of magnetic and luminescent materials: A review. Russ. J. Non-Ferr. Met. 2021. Vol. 62. No. 1. P. 10—31.Ritter S.K. A whole new world for rare earths. How the technologically important metals rose from obscurity to ubiquity. Chem. Eng. News. 2017. Vol. 95. No. 34. P. 30—34.Ritter S.K. A whole new world for rare earths. How the technologically important metals rose from obscurity to ubiquity. Chem. Eng. News. 2017. Vol. 95. No. 34. P. 30—34.Petrova K.V., Baranovskaya V.B., Korotkova N.A. Direct inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for analysis of waste samarium-cobalt magnets. Arab. J. Chem. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 1. P. 103501.Petrova K.V., Baranovskaya V.B., Korotkova N.A. Direct inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for analysis of waste samarium-cobalt magnets. Arab. J. Chem. 2022. Vol. 15. No. 1. P. 103501.Korotkova N.A., Petrova K.V., Baranovskaya V.B. Analysis of cerium oxide by mass-spectral and atomic-emission methods with inductively-coupled plasma. J. Anal. Chem. 2021. Vol. 76. No. 12. P. 1—12.Korotkova N.A., Petrova K.V., Baranovskaya V.B. Analysis of cerium oxide by mass-spectral and atomic-emission methods with inductively-coupled plasma. J. Anal. Chem. 2021. Vol. 76. No. 12. P. 1—12.Marathe S.M., Biswas S.S., Patil P.B., Murty P. An ICP-AES method for the determination of heavy rare earth elements (Eu—Lu) in high purity yttrium oxide. Microchim. Acta. 1992. Vol. 109. No. 5. P. 261—268.Marathe S.M., Biswas S.S., Patil P.B., Murty P. An ICP-AES method for the determination of heavy rare earth elements (Eu—Lu) in high purity yttrium oxide. Microchim. Acta. 1992. Vol. 109. No. 5. P. 261—268.Li J.Y., Yang J., Dong Z.R. Determination of 14 rare earth elements in high purity europium oxide by ICP-AES. Spectrosc. Spectral Anal. 1995. P. 71—74.Li J.Y., Yang J., Dong Z.R. Determination of 14 rare earth elements in high purity europium oxide by ICP-AES. Spectrosc. Spectral Anal. 1995. P. 71—74.Dong R., Xin R. ICP-AES Determination of Co-existing rare-earth impurities in high-purity europium oxide. Physical testing and chemical analysis part b chemical analysis. 2004. Vol. 40. No. 3. P. 135—137.Dong R., Xin R. ICP-AES Determination of Co-existing rare-earth impurities in high-purity europium oxide. Physical testing and chemical analysis part b chemical analysis. 2004. Vol. 40. No. 3. P. 135—137.Biswas S.S., Sethumadhavan A., Murty P.S. Determination of Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er in high purity terbium oxide by ICP-AES. Microchim. Acta. 1991. Vol. 103. No. 1. Р. 71—77.Biswas S.S., Sethumadhavan A., Murty P.S. Determination of Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er in high purity terbium oxide by ICP-AES. Microchim. Acta. 1991. Vol. 103. No. 1. Р. 71—77.Cai B., Hu B., Jiang Z. Direct determination of trace rare earth elements in high purity Y2O3 using fluorination assisted electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with slurry sampling. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 2000. Vol. 367. No. 3. Р. 259—263.Cai B., Hu B., Jiang Z. Direct determination of trace rare earth elements in high purity Y2O3 using fluorination assisted electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with slurry sampling. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 2000. Vol. 367. No. 3. Р. 259—263.Евдокимов И.И., Пименов В.Г. Определение примесей в оптической керамике и ее прекурсорах методами атомной спектрометрии. Вестник Нижегородского университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского. 2013. No. 4 (1). С. 98—102.Evdokimov I.I., Pimenov V.G. Determination of impurities in optical ceramics and its precursors by atomic spectrometry. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta. 2013. No. 4 (1). Р. 98—102 (In Russ.).Евдокимов И.И., Пименов В.Г. Определение примесей в особочистых нанопорошках оксида иттрия, легированного неодимом, методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Аналитика и контроль. 2013. Т. 17. No. 2. С. 170—176.Evdokimov I.I., Pimenov V.G. Determination of impurities in high-purity neodymium-doped yttrium oxide nanopowders by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Analitika i kontrol’. 2013. Vol. 17. No. 2. Р. 170—176 (In Russ.).Евдокимов И.И., Пименов В.Г. Анализ оксида иттрия методом атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой и концентрированием примесей соосаждением. Завод. лаб. Диагностика материалов. 2016. Т. 82. No. 9. С. 5—12.Evdokimov I.I., Pimenov V.G. Analysis of yttrium oxide by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and coprecipitation of impurities. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov. 2016. Vol. 82. No. 9. P. 5—12 (In Russ.).Javis K.E., Gray A.L., Houk R.S. Handbook of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Blankie, Glasgow, 1992.Javis K.E., Gray A.L., Houk R.S. Handbook of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Blankie, Glasgow, 1992.Becker J.S., Dietze H.J. State-of-the-art in inorganic mass spectrometry for analysis of high-purity materials. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2003. Vol. 228. No. 2-3. P. 127—150.Becker J.S., Dietze H.J. State-of-the-art in inorganic mass spectrometry for analysis of high-purity materials. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2003. Vol. 228. No. 2-3. P. 127—150.Day J.A., Caruso J.A., Becker J.S., Dietze H.-J. Application of capillary electrophoresis interfaced to double focusing sector field ICP-MS for nuclide abundance determination of lanthanides produced via spallation reactions in an irradiated tantalum target. J. Anal. Atomic Spectrom. 2000. Vol. 15. P. 1343—1348.Day J.A., Caruso J.A., Becker J.S., Dietze H.-J. Application of capillary electrophoresis interfaced to double focusing sector field ICP-MS for nuclide abundance determination of lanthanides produced via spallation reactions in an irradiated tantalum target. J. Anal. Atomic Spectrom. 2000. Vol. 15. P. 1343—1348.Kozono S., Takahashi S., Haraguchi H. Determination of boron in high-purity tantalum materials by on-line matrix separation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analyst. 2002. Vol. 127. P. 930—934.Kozono S., Takahashi S., Haraguchi H. Determination of boron in high-purity tantalum materials by on-line matrix separation/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Analyst. 2002. Vol. 127. P. 930—934.Zhang X.Q., Yi Y., Liu Y.L., Li X., Liu J.L., Jiang Y.M., Su Y.Q. Direct determination of rare earth impurities in high purity erbium oxide dissolved in nitric acid by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2006. Vol. 555. P. 57—62.Zhang X.Q., Yi Y., Liu Y.L., Li X., Liu J.L., Jiang Y.M., Su Y.Q. Direct determination of rare earth impurities in high purity erbium oxide dissolved in nitric acid by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2006. Vol. 555. P. 57—62.Pedreira W.R., Sarkis J.E.S., Rodrigues C., Tomiyoshi I.A., Queiroz C.A. Determination of trace amounts of rare earth elements in highly pure praseodymium oxide by double focusing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Alloys Compd. 2001. Vol. 49. P. 323—324.Pedreira W.R., Sarkis J.E.S., Rodrigues C., Tomiyoshi I.A., Queiroz C.A. Determination of trace amounts of rare earth elements in highly pure praseodymium oxide by double focusing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Alloys Compd. 2001. Vol. 49. P. 323—324.Pedreira W.R., Sarkis J.E.S., Rodrigues C., Tomiyoshi I.A. Queiroz C.A., Queiroz C.A., Abrão A. Determination of trace amounts of rare earth elements in high pure lanthanum oxide by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. J. Alloys Compd. 2002. Vol. 344. P. 17—20.Pedreira W.R., Sarkis J.E.S., Rodrigues C., Tomiyoshi I.A. Queiroz C.A., Queiroz C.A., Abrão A. Determination of trace amounts of rare earth elements in high pure lanthanum oxide by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. J. Alloys Compd. 2002. Vol. 344. P. 17—20.Pedreira W.R., Sarkis J.E.S., Queiroz C.A., Rodrigues C. Tomiyoshi I.A. Abrão A. Determination of trace amounts of rare-earth elements in highly pure neodymium oxide by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. J. Solid State Chem. 2003. Vol. 171. P. 3—6.Pedreira W.R., Sarkis J.E.S., Queiroz C.A., Rodrigues C. Tomiyoshi I.A. Abrão A. Determination of trace amounts of rare-earth elements in highly pure neodymium oxide by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. J. Solid State Chem. 2003. Vol. 171. P. 3—6.Balaram V. Strategies to overcome interferences in elemental and isotopic geochemical analysis by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A critical evaluation of the recent developments. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2021. Vol. 35. P. 1—29.Balaram V. Strategies to overcome interferences in elemental and isotopic geochemical analysis by quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A critical evaluation of the recent developments. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2021. Vol. 35. P. 1—29.Douraied B.S., Jean-Alix B. Determination of rare earth elements in gadolinium-based contrast agents by ICP-MS. Talanta. 2021. Vol. 221. P. 121589.Douraied B.S., Jean-Alix B. Determination of rare earth elements in gadolinium-based contrast agents by ICP-MS. Talanta. 2021. Vol. 221. P. 121589.Shabani M.B., Masuda A. Sample introduction by on-line two-stage solvent extraction and back-extraction to eliminate matrix interference and to enhance sensitivity in the determination of rare earth elements with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1991. Vol. 63. P. 2099—2105.Shabani M.B., Masuda A. Sample introduction by on-line two-stage solvent extraction and back-extraction to eliminate matrix interference and to enhance sensitivity in the determination of rare earth elements with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 1991. Vol. 63. P. 2099—2105.Adrian A.A. Amman Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS): А versatile tool. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007. Vol. 42. P. 419—427.Adrian A.A. Amman Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS): А versatile tool. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007. Vol. 42. P. 419—427.Kawabata K., Kishi Y., Kawaguchi O., Watanabe Y., Inoue Y. Determination of rare-earth elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ion chromatography. Analy. Chem. 1991. Vol. 63. No. 19. P. 2137—2140.Kawabata K., Kishi Y., Kawaguchi O., Watanabe Y., Inoue Y. Determination of rare-earth elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ion chromatography. Analy. Chem. 1991. Vol. 63. No. 19. P. 2137—2140.Qin S., Jiang Z., Hu B., Qin Y., Hu S. HPLC combined with ICP-MS for the determination of trace amounts of rare earth impurities in high-purity La2O3 by using 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen-2 ethylhexylphosphonate resin as a stationary phase. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 2000. Vol. 367. No. 3. P. 250—253.Qin S., Jiang Z., Hu B., Qin Y., Hu S. HPLC combined with ICP-MS for the determination of trace amounts of rare earth impurities in high-purity La2O3 by using 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen-2 ethylhexylphosphonate resin as a stationary phase. Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem. 2000. Vol. 367. No. 3. P. 250—253.Cao X., Yin M., Li B. Determination of rare earth impurities in high purity gadolinium oxide by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after 2-ethylhexylhydrogen-ethylhexy phosphonate extraction chromatographic separation. Talanta. 1999. Vol. 48. No. 3. P. 517—525.Cao X., Yin M., Li B. Determination of rare earth impurities in high purity gadolinium oxide by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after 2-ethylhexylhydrogen-ethylhexy phosphonate extraction chromatographic separation. Talanta. 1999. Vol. 48. No. 3. P. 517—525.Zhang X., Liu J., Yi Y., Liu Y., Li X., Su Y., Lin P. Determination of rare earth impurities in high purity samarium oxide using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after extraction chromatographic separation. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007. Vol. 260. No. 1. P. 57—66.Zhang X., Liu J., Yi Y., Liu Y., Li X., Su Y., Lin P. Determination of rare earth impurities in high purity samarium oxide using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after extraction chromatographic separation. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007. Vol. 260. No. 1. P. 57—66.Pedreira W.R., Queiroz C.A., Abrao A., Rocha S.M., Vasconcellos M.E., Boaventura G.R., Pimentel M.M. Trace amounts of rare earth elements in high purity samarium oxide by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after separation by HPLC. J. Alloys Compd. 2006. Vol. 418. No. 1-2. P. 247—250.Pedreira W.R., Queiroz C.A., Abrao A., Rocha S.M., Vasconcellos M.E., Boaventura G.R., Pimentel M.M. Trace amounts of rare earth elements in high purity samarium oxide by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after separation by HPLC. J. Alloys Compd. 2006. Vol. 418. No. 1-2. P. 247—250.Sun X., Peng B., Ji Y., Chen J., Li D. The solid—liquid extraction of yttrium from rare earths by solvent (ionic liquid) impreganated resin coupled with complexing method. Separ. Purific. Technol. 2008. Vol. 63. No. 1. P. 61—68.Sun X., Peng B., Ji Y., Chen J., Li D. The solid—liquid extraction of yttrium from rare earths by solvent (ionic liquid) impreganated resin coupled with complexing method. Separ. Purific. Technol. 2008. Vol. 63. No. 1. P. 61—68.Yin M., Li, B., Zhang Y., Cao X.D. Determination of rare earths Impurities in high purity Eu2O3 by ICP-MS. Anal. Lab.-Beijing. 1999. Vol. 18. P. 1—6.Yin M., Li, B., Zhang Y., Cao X.D. Determination of rare earths Impurities in high purity Eu2O3 by ICP-MS. Anal. Lab.-Beijing. 1999. Vol. 18. P. 1—6.Qin S., Bin H., Yongchao Q., Wanjau R., Zucheng J. Determination of trace rare earth impurities in high-purity cerium oxide by using electrothermal vaporization ICP-AES after HPLC separation with 2-ethylhexylhydrogen 2ethylhexylphosphonate resin as the stationary phase. J Anal. Atomic. Spectrom. 2000. Vol. 15. P. 1413—1416.Qin S., Bin H., Yongchao Q., Wanjau R., Zucheng J. Determination of trace rare earth impurities in high-purity cerium oxide by using electrothermal vaporization ICP-AES after HPLC separation with 2-ethylhexylhydrogen 2ethylhexylphosphonate resin as the stationary phase. J Anal. Atomic. Spectrom. 2000. Vol. 15. P. 1413—1416.Shuai Q., Qin Y., Hu B., Xiong H., Jiang Z. Determination of rare earth impurities in high-purity lanthanum oxide using electrothermal vaporization/ICP-AES after HPLC separation. Anal Sci. 2000. Vol. 16. P. 957—961.Shuai Q., Qin Y., Hu B., Xiong H., Jiang Z. Determination of rare earth impurities in high-purity lanthanum oxide using electrothermal vaporization/ICP-AES after HPLC separation. Anal Sci. 2000. Vol. 16. P. 957—961.Zishu W. Xiyun S., Lijun L.P. Extraction chromatographic separation and spark source mass spectrometric determination of 14 rare earth impurities in extra-pure Dy2O3. J. Instr. Anal. 1995. No. 4. P. 06—09.Zishu W. Xiyun S., Lijun L.P. Extraction chromatographic separation and spark source mass spectrometric determination of 14 rare earth impurities in extra-pure Dy2O3. J. Instr. Anal. 1995. No. 4. P. 06—09.Xinjun Z., Yongfeng Z.M.Z. The determination of 14 kinds of rare-earth element as impurity in high pure lutetium oxide by means of P507 chromatographic separation and ICP-AES. Uranium Geology. 1998. No. 1. P. 6—10.Xinjun Z., Yongfeng Z.M.Z. The determination of 14 kinds of rare-earth element as impurity in high pure lutetium oxide by means of P507 chromatographic separation and ICP-AES. Uranium Geology. 1998. No. 1. P. 6—10.Lu Y.Q., Cao Y.-Q., Wang L.-H., Xin R.-X. Analysis of rare earth elements in high purity europium oxide. Rare metals. 2005. Vol. 24. No. 3. P. 216—220.Lu Y.Q., Cao Y.-Q., Wang L.-H., Xin R.-X. Analysis of rare earth elements in high purity europium oxide. Rare metals. 2005. Vol. 24. No. 3. P. 216—220.Jinying L., Binghua G., Jingsu G. Determination of 14 rare earth impurities in high purity europium oxide by axis-view ICP-AES with chromatographic separation. Rock Min. Anal. 1994. Vol. 3. P. 21—28.Jinying L., Binghua G., Jingsu G. Determination of 14 rare earth impurities in high purity europium oxide by axis-view ICP-AES with chromatographic separation. Rock Min. Anal. 1994. Vol. 3. P. 21—28.Zhiguang W., Changqing W., Xing W. Chemical preconcentration spectrographic determination of 14 rare earth impurities in 5N Gd2O3. Anal. Lab. 1998. Vol. 1. P. 01.Zhiguang W., Changqing W., Xing W. Chemical preconcentration spectrographic determination of 14 rare earth impurities in 5N Gd2O3. Anal. Lab. 1998. Vol. 1. P. 01.Xigun S., Zishu W., Furong H. Determination of forteen rare earths impurities in high purity Nd2O3 by P(507) extraction chromatography separation-spark source mass spectrometry. J. Chinese Mass Spectrom. Soc. 1996. Vol. 1. Р. 01.Xigun S., Zishu W., Furong H. Determination of forteen rare earths impurities in high purity Nd2O3 by P(507) extraction chromatography separation-spark source mass spectrometry. J. Chinese Mass Spectrom. Soc. 1996. Vol. 1. Р. 01.Li W., Peng C., Yuan P., Qi W., Kuang Z., Xu C. Determination of 14 rare earth Impurities in Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and Gd2O3 of ultra high purity by extraction chromatography atomic emission spectrometry. J. Instr. Anal. 1998. Vol. 1. Р. 18—21.Li W., Peng C., Yuan P., Qi W., Kuang Z., Xu C. Determination of 14 rare earth Impurities in Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and Gd2O3 of ultra high purity by extraction chromatography atomic emission spectrometry. J. Instr. Anal. 1998. Vol. 1. Р. 18—21.Kobayashi S., Wakui Y., Kanesato M., Matsunaga H., Suzuki T.M. Chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of the rare earth metals contained in terbium. Anal. Chim. Acta. 1992. Vol. 262. No. 1. P. 161—166.Kobayashi S., Wakui Y., Kanesato M., Matsunaga H., Suzuki T.M. Chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of the rare earth metals contained in terbium. Anal. Chim. Acta. 1992. Vol. 262. No. 1. P. 161—166.Premadas A., Khorge C.R. Solvent extraction separation of heavy rare earth elements from light rare earth elements and thorium: ICP-AES determination of REEs and yt trium in monazite mineral. Atomic Spectroscopy. 2006. Vol. 27. No. 5. P. 170—177.Premadas A., Khorge C.R. Solvent extraction separation of heavy rare earth elements from light rare earth elements and thorium: ICP-AES determination of REEs and yt trium in monazite mineral. Atomic Spectroscopy. 2006. Vol. 27. No. 5. P. 170—177.Kim J.-G. Separation of heavy rare earth elements with extraction chromatography. Current Nanoscience. 2014. Vol. 10. P. 11—15.Kim J.-G. Separation of heavy rare earth elements with extraction chromatography. Current Nanoscience. 2014. Vol. 10. P. 11—15.Miranda P., Zinner L.B. Separation of samarium and gadolinium solutions by solvent extraction. J. Alloys Compd. 1997. Vol. 249. No. 1-2. P. 116—118.Miranda P., Zinner L.B. Separation of samarium and gadolinium solutions by solvent extraction. J. Alloys Compd. 1997. Vol. 249. No. 1-2. P. 116—118.Agrawal Y.K. Liquid—liquid extraction, separation, preconcentration, and icpaes determination of lanthanum and cerium with NPhenyl(1,2methanofullerene C60)- 61formohydroxamic acid fullerenes. Nanotub. Carbon Nanostruct. 2004. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 545—570. 47. Zhao Z., Lyu H., Guo X., Dong Y., Wang Y., Sun X. The synergistic extraction by combined ammonium and phosphonium type ionic liquids for rare earth elements separation. Hydrometallurgy. 2017. Vol. 174. P. 234—247.Agrawal Y.K. Liquid—liquid extraction, separation, preconcentration, and icpaes determination of lanthanum and cerium with NPhenyl(1,2methanofullerene C60)- 61formohydroxamic acid fullerenes. Nanotub. Carbon Nanostruct. 2004. Vol. 12. No. 3. P. 545—570. 47. Zhao Z., Lyu H., Guo X., Dong Y., Wang Y., Sun X. The synergistic extraction by combined ammonium and phosphonium type ionic liquids for rare earth elements separation. Hydrometallurgy. 2017. Vol. 174. P. 234—247.Hastiawan I., Bings N.H., Broekaert J.A.C. Development and optimization of pre concentration procedure of rare-earth elements (REEs) in their minerals, using microwave — assisted sample dissolution for ICP-atomic emission spectrometric detection. Procedia Chemistry. 2015. Vol. 17. P. 93—98.Hastiawan I., Bings N.H., Broekaert J.A.C. Development and optimization of pre concentration procedure of rare-earth elements (REEs) in their minerals, using microwave — assisted sample dissolution for ICP-atomic emission spectrometric detection. Procedia Chemistry. 2015. Vol. 17. P. 93—98.Jain V.K., Pillap S.G., Mandal H.C. Liquid-liquid extraction, preconcentration and transport studies of lanthanum (III) with calix [4]resorcinarene-hydroxamic acid (C4RAHA). J. Chil. Chem. Soc. 2007. Vol. 52. No. 2. P. 1177—1181.Jain V.K., Pillap S.G., Mandal H.C. Liquid-liquid extraction, preconcentration and transport studies of lanthanum (III) with calix [4]resorcinarene-hydroxamic acid (C4RAHA). J. Chil. Chem. Soc. 2007. Vol. 52. No. 2. P. 1177—1181.Amin A.S., Kassem M.A., Moalla S.M.N. Determination of scandium in monazite and environmental samples using cloud point extraction coupled with a spectrophotometric technique. RSC Adv. 2016. Vol. 6. P. 73797.Amin A.S., Kassem M.A., Moalla S.M.N. Determination of scandium in monazite and environmental samples using cloud point extraction coupled with a spectrophotometric technique. RSC Adv. 2016. Vol. 6. P. 73797.Guirguis L., Orabi A., Mohamed B. Extraction and derivative spectrophotometric assay of Sm(III), Pr(III) and Nd(III) from REEs monazite concentrate. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2019. No. 6. P. 1—20.Guirguis L., Orabi A., Mohamed B. Extraction and derivative spectrophotometric assay of Sm(III), Pr(III) and Nd(III) from REEs monazite concentrate. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2019. No. 6. P. 1—20.Abdou A.A., Abdelfattah N.A., Weheish H.L. Development of a procedure for spectrophotometric determination of Pr (III) from rare earth elements (REEs) concentrate. SN Appl. Sci. 2019. Vol. 1. No. 5. P. 1—9.Abdou A.A., Abdelfattah N.A., Weheish H.L. Development of a procedure for spectrophotometric determination of Pr (III) from rare earth elements (REEs) concentrate. SN Appl. Sci. 2019. Vol. 1. No. 5. P. 1—9.Zheng X., En-li L., Zhang F., Yan Y., Pan J. Efficient adsorption and separation of dysprosium from NdFeB magnets in an acidic system by ion imprinted mesoporous silica sealed in a dialysis bag. Green Chem. 2016. Vol. 18. No. 18. P. 5031—5040.Zheng X., En-li L., Zhang F., Yan Y., Pan J. Efficient adsorption and separation of dysprosium from NdFeB magnets in an acidic system by ion imprinted mesoporous silica sealed in a dialysis bag. Green Chem. 2016. Vol. 18. No. 18. P. 5031—5040.Banda R., Jeon H.S., Lee M.S. Solvent extraction separation of La from chloride solution containing Pr and Nd with Cyanex 272. Hydrometallurgy. 2012. Vol. 121. P. 74—80.Banda R., Jeon H.S., Lee M.S. Solvent extraction separation of La from chloride solution containing Pr and Nd with Cyanex 272. Hydrometallurgy. 2012. Vol. 121. P. 74—80.El-Nadi Y.A. Lanthanum and neodymium from Egyptian monazite: synergistic extractive separation using organophosphorus reagents. Hydrometallurgy. 2012. Vol. 119. P. 23—29.El-Nadi Y.A. Lanthanum and neodymium from Egyptian monazite: synergistic extractive separation using organophosphorus reagents. Hydrometallurgy. 2012. Vol. 119. P. 23—29.Vasylechko V.O., Gryshchouk G.V., Zakordonskiy V.P., Vasylechko L.O., Schmidt M., Leshchack I.M., Kalychak Ya.M., Bagday S.R. Sorption-luminescence method for determination of terbium using Transcarpathian clinoptilolite. Talanta. 2017. Vol. 174. P. 486—492.Vasylechko V.O., Gryshchouk G.V., Zakordonskiy V.P., Vasylechko L.O., Schmidt M., Leshchack I.M., Kalychak Ya.M., Bagday S.R. Sorption-luminescence method for determination of terbium using Transcarpathian clinoptilolite. Talanta. 2017. Vol. 174. P. 486—492.Rabie K.A., Sayed S.A., Lasheen T.A., Salama I.E. Europium separation from a middle rare earths concentrate derived from Egyptian black sand monazite. Hydrometallurgy. 2007. Vol. 86. No. 3-4. P. 121—130.Rabie K.A., Sayed S.A., Lasheen T.A., Salama I.E. Europium separation from a middle rare earths concentrate derived from Egyptian black sand monazite. Hydrometallurgy. 2007. Vol. 86. No. 3-4. P. 121—130.Metwally S.S., Hassan R.S., El-Masry E.H., Borai E.H. Gamma-induced radiation polymerization of kaolin composite for sorption of lanthanum, europium and uranium ions from low-grade monazite leachate. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2018. Vol. 315. No. 1. P. 39—49.Metwally S.S., Hassan R.S., El-Masry E.H., Borai E.H. Gamma-induced radiation polymerization of kaolin composite for sorption of lanthanum, europium and uranium ions from low-grade monazite leachate. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2018. Vol. 315. No. 1. P. 39—49.Karpov Yu.A., Churbanov M.F., Baranovskaya V.B., Lazukina O.P., Petrova K.V. High pure substances—prototypes of elements of periodic table. Pure Appl. Chem. 2020. Vol. 92. No. 8. P. 1357—1366.Karpov Yu.A., Churbanov M.F., Baranovskaya V.B., Lazukina O.P., Petrova K.V. High pure substances—prototypes of elements of periodic table. Pure Appl. Chem. 2020. Vol. 92. No. 8. P. 1357—1366.Lee G. S., Uchikoshi M., Mimura K., Isshiki M. Separation of major impurities Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Al, Ca, Fe, and Zn from La using bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA)-impregnated resin in a hydrochloric acid medium. Separation Purificat. Technol. 2010. Vol. 71. No. 2. P. 186—191.Lee G. S., Uchikoshi M., Mimura K., Isshiki M. Separation of major impurities Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Al, Ca, Fe, and Zn from La using bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA)-impregnated resin in a hydrochloric acid medium. Separation Purificat. Technol. 2010. Vol. 71. No. 2. P. 186—191.Yang X.J. Extractive chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of trace impurities in high purity europium oxide. Talanta. 1994. Vol. 41. No. 11. P. 1807—1813.Yang X.J. Extractive chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of trace impurities in high purity europium oxide. Talanta. 1994. Vol. 41. No. 11. P. 1807—1813.Yang X.J., Guan J.S. End-on viewed inductively coupled plasma for the determination of trace impurities in high-purity scandium oxide by extraction chromatography. Analyt. Chim. Acta. 1993. Vol. 279. No. 2. P. 261—272.Yang X.J., Guan J.S. End-on viewed inductively coupled plasma for the determination of trace impurities in high-purity scandium oxide by extraction chromatography. Analyt. Chim. Acta. 1993. Vol. 279. No. 2. P. 261—272.Choi K.S., Lee C.H., Kim J.G., Kim W.H., Kang J.G. Separating Ag, B, Cd, Dy, Eu, and Sm in a Gd matrix using 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester extraction chromatography for ICP analysis. Talanta. 2007. Vol. 71. No. 2. P. 662—667.Choi K.S., Lee C.H., Kim J.G., Kim W.H., Kang J.G. Separating Ag, B, Cd, Dy, Eu, and Sm in a Gd matrix using 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester extraction chromatography for ICP analysis. Talanta. 2007. Vol. 71. No. 2. P. 662—667.Ruth W., Zu-cheng J., Bin H., Yong-chao Q., Ying-liang W., Xia-shi Z. Simultaneous determination of trace rare earth elements and other elements in high purity terbium oxide (Tb4O7) by ICP-AES after HPLC separation using P507 resin. Wuhan University J. Natur. Sci. 2002. Vol. 7. No. 2. P. 212—216.Ruth W., Zu-cheng J., Bin H., Yong-chao Q., Ying-liang W., Xia-shi Z. Simultaneous determination of trace rare earth elements and other elements in high purity terbium oxide (Tb4O7) by ICP-AES after HPLC separation using P507 resin. Wuhan University J. Natur. Sci. 2002. Vol. 7. No. 2. P. 212—216.Hongnian J., Lian, L., Zhenhuan L., Zucheng J. Determination of trace non rare earth metals in high purity lanthanum oxide by ICP AES with preconcentration on active carbon silica gel microcolumn in a flow injection system. J. Anal. Sci. 1996. Vol. 12. P. 03.Hongnian J., Lian, L., Zhenhuan L., Zucheng J. Determination of trace non rare earth metals in high purity lanthanum oxide by ICP AES with preconcentration on active carbon silica gel microcolumn in a flow injection system. J. Anal. Sci. 1996. Vol. 12. P. 03.Hou L., Wang S., Li J. Detrmination of 17 trace impurity elements and erbium Zr—U—Er alloy by chromatographic separation with tributyl phosphate and ICP-AES. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis. 1996. No. 3. P. 5—8.Hou L., Wang S., Li J. Detrmination of 17 trace impurity elements and erbium Zr—U—Er alloy by chromatographic separation with tributyl phosphate and ICP-AES. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis. 1996. No. 3. P. 5—8.Zucheng J.H.J. Determination of trace non rare earth elements in high purity rare earth oxides by ICP AES. J. Wuxi University of Light Industry. 1999. No. 1. P. 05—05.Zucheng J.H.J. Determination of trace non rare earth elements in high purity rare earth oxides by ICP AES. J. Wuxi University of Light Industry. 1999. No. 1. P. 05—05.Ji H., Liao Z., Sun J.-G., Jiang Z. Study and application of a method for the determination of metallic elements by ICP-AES with preconcentration on an active carbon-silica gel microcolumn in a FI system. Fresenius’. J. Anal. Chem. 1998. Vol. 360. No. 6. P. 721—723.Ji H., Liao Z., Sun J.-G., Jiang Z. Study and application of a method for the determination of metallic elements by ICP-AES with preconcentration on an active carbon-silica gel microcolumn in a FI system. Fresenius’. J. Anal. Chem. 1998. Vol. 360. No. 6. P. 721—723.Wanjau R., Jiang Z.-C., B. Hu B., Shuai Q. Determination of non-rare earth impurities in high purity lanthanum oxide by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after HPLC separation using P507 resin. Chin. J. Rare Earth (Eng. ed.). 2001. Vol. 19. No. 4. P. 299—303.Wanjau R., Jiang Z.-C., B. Hu B., Shuai Q. Determination of non-rare earth impurities in high purity lanthanum oxide by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after HPLC separation using P507 resin. Chin. J. Rare Earth (Eng. ed.). 2001. Vol. 19. No. 4. P. 299—303.Карандашев В.К., Жерноклеева К.В., Туранов А.Н., Барановская В.Б., Карпов Ю.А. Определение примесей тугоплавких металлов в редкоземельных металлах и их соединениях. Журн. анал. химии. 2012. Т. 67. No. 4. С. 383—392.Karandashev V.K., Zhernokleyeva K.V., Turanov A.N., Baranovskaya V.B., Karpov Yu.A. Determination of impurities of refractory metals in rare earth metals and their compounds. Zhurnal analiticheskoi khimii. 2012. Vol. 67. No. 4. P. 383—392 (In Russ.).Agrawal Y.K., Vora S.B. Selective extraction and separation of thorium from monazite using Nphenylbenzo-18- crown-6-hydroxamic acid. Microchim. Acta. 2003. Vol. 142. No. 4. P. 255—261.Agrawal Y.K., Vora S.B. Selective extraction and separation of thorium from monazite using Nphenylbenzo-18- crown-6-hydroxamic acid. Microchim. Acta. 2003. Vol. 142. No. 4. P. 255—261.Jiafeng W., Zhengmin Z. Determination of impuritiesJiafeng W., Zhengmin Z. Determination of impuritiesin high purity europium oxide by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after reductionextraction separation. Metallurg. Anal. 1998. Vol. 18. P. 1—5.in high purity europium oxide by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after reductionextraction separation. Metallurg. Anal. 1998. Vol. 18. P. 1—5.Кошель Е.С., Барановская В.Б., Доронина М.С. Дуговой атомно-эмиссионный анализ редкоземельных металлов и их оксидов с предварительным сорбционным концентрированием примесей. Завод. лаб. Диагностика материалов. 2018. Т. 84. No. 11. С. 9—14.Koshel’ Ye.S., Baranovskaya V.B., Doronina M.S. Arc atomic emission analysis of rare earth metals and their oxides with preliminary sorption concentration of impurities. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov. 2018. Vol. 84. No. 11. P. 9—14 (In Russ.).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.