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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0022-3438-2021-1-52-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Литейное производство</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Foundry</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПАРОЖИДКОСТНОЕ РАВНОВЕСИЕ В СИСТЕМЕ ОЛОВО–СВИНЕЦ В ФОРВАКУУМЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vapor-liquid equilibrium in the tin–lead system in primary vacuum</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Требухов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trebukhov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Требухов С.А. – канд. техн. наук, зам. ген. директора</p><p>050010, г. Алматы, ул. Шевченко, 29/133</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Trebukhov S.A. – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), deputy general director</p><p>050010, Almaty, Shevchenko str., 29/133</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vohubert@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Володин В.Н. – докт. физ.-мат. наук, докт. техн. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр. лаборатории вакуумных процессов</p><p>050010, г. Алматы, ул. Шевченко, 29/133</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Volodin V.N. – Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Dr. Sci. (Eng.), prof., сhief scientific of the Laboratory of vacuum processes</p><p>050010, Almaty, Shevchenko str., 29/133</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Volodinv_n@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уланова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulanova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Уланова О.В. – канд. техн. наук, рук-ль проектов по исследованиям и развитию</p><p>8154, Oberglatt, Breitlosstrasse, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulanova O.V. – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), project manager for research and development</p><p>8154, Oberglatt, Breitlosstrasse, 10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga.ulanova@dhz.ch</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ниценко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nitsenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ниценко А.В. – канд. техн. наук, зав. лаборатории вакуумных процессов</p><p>050010, г. Алматы, ул. Шевченко, 29/133</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nitsenko А.V. – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), head of the Laboratory of vacuum processes</p><p>050010, Almaty, Shevchenko str., 29/133</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nitc@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурабаева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burabaeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бурабаева Н.М. – канд. техн. наук, науч. сотр. лаборатории вакуумных процессов</p><p>050010, г. Алматы, ул. Шевченко, 29/133</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Burabaeva N.M. – Cand. Sci. (Eng.), researcher of the Laboratory of vacuum processes</p><p>050010, Almaty, Shevchenko str., 29/133</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nuri_eng@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Satbayev University, АО «Институт металлургии и обогащения» (АО «ИМиО»)</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Satbayev University, Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation JSC</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>«DHZ» AG</institution><country>Швейцария</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«DHZ» AG</institution><country>Switzerland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Требухов С.А., Володин В.Н., Уланова О.В., Ниценко А.В., Бурабаева Н.М., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Требухов С.А., Володин В.Н., Уланова О.В., Ниценко А.В., Бурабаева Н.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trebukhov S.A., Volodin V.N., Ulanova O.V., Nitsenko A.V., Burabaeva N.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1325">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1325</self-uri><abstract><p>Методом точек кипения (изотермический вариант) определены значения парциального давления насыщенного пара свинца над свинцово-оловянными растворами, содержание свинца в которых (остальное – олово) составило 96,43; 93,02; 89,55; 80,73; 64,18 и 43,80 мас.% (93,93; 88,42; 83,08; 70,59; 50,65 и 30,87 ат.% соответственно). Величины парциального давления олова рассчитаны численным интегрированием уравнения Дюгема–Маргулеса с использованием вспомогательной функции, предложенной Даркеном. Показатели парциальных давлений олова и свинца над их расплавами аппроксимированы температурно-концентрационными зависимостями. Общая погрешность определений вычислена как сумма погрешностей независимых измерений: температуры, массы, давления, аппроксимации экспериментальных данных, и равна 7,78 %. На основании данных о парциальном давлении насыщенного пара свинца и олова рассчитаны и уточнены границы полей сосуществования жидкости и пара в системе олово–свинец в форвакууме 100 и 1 Па: температура кипения – как температура, при которой сумма парциальных давлений металлов равна 100 и 1 Па; состав пара – как соотношение величин парциального давления паров металлов при этой температуре кипения. Установлено, что причиной повышенного содержания олова в свинцовом конденсате при дистилляции сплавов с содержанием свинца менее 5 ат.% (8,41 мас.%) и накоплением олова в остатке от дистилляции являются сопоставимые со свинцом значения парциального давления пара олова. При дистилляционном разделении свинцово-оловянных расплавов испарением свинца в реальном процессе в неравновесных условиях накопление олова в кубовом остатке не должно превышать значение ~50 мас.%. Превышение указанной концентрации будет сопровождаться получением конденсата, для которого необходимо повторение процесса «испарение–конденсация».</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The boiling point method (isothermal version) was used to determine the partial pressure of saturated lead vapor over lead-tin solutions with the following lead content (the rest is tin), wt.%: 96.43, 93.02, 89.55, 80.73, 64.18, and 43.80 (93.93, 88.42, 83.08, 70.59, 50.65, and 30.87 at.%, respectively). The partial pressures of tin were calculated by the numerical integration of the Duhem–Margules equation using the auxiliary function proposed by Darken. The tin and lead partial pressure values over their melts were approximated by temperatureconcentration dependences. The total determination error was calculated as a sum of independent measurement errors: temperature, mass, pressure, approximation of experimental data, equal to 7.78 %. Based on the values of saturated lead and tin vapor partial pressures, the boundaries of liquid and vapor coexistence fields in the tin-lead system in a primary vacuum of 100 and 1 Pa were calculated and specified: boiling temperature – as a temperature at which the sum of metal partial pressures is equal to 100 and 1 Pa, vapor composition – as the ratio of metal vapor partial pressures at this temperature. It was found that the reason for the increased content of tin in lead condensate during the distillation of alloys with a lead content of less than 5 at.% (8.41 wt.%) and tin accumulation in the distillation residue is partial pressure values of tin vapor comparable to that of lead. Tin accumulation in the distillation residue should not exceed a concentration of ~ 50 wt.% during the distillation separation of lead-tin melts by lead evaporation in a real process under non-equilibrium conditions. If the specified concentration is exceeded, the condensate obtained will require repeating the evaporation-condensation process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>олово</kwd><kwd>свинец</kwd><kwd>расплав</kwd><kwd>давление пара</kwd><kwd>кипение</kwd><kwd>испарение</kwd><kwd>парожидкостное равновесие</kwd><kwd>границы полей</kwd><kwd>состав пара</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tin</kwd><kwd>lead</kwd><kwd>melt</kwd><kwd>vapor pressure</kwd><kwd>boiling</kwd><kwd>evaporation</kwd><kwd>vapor-liquid equilibrium</kwd><kwd>field boundaries</kwd><kwd>vapor composition</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства образования и науки Республики Казахстан (грант АР 08855494)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant АР 08855494)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кунаев А.М., Кожахметов С.М., Ванюков А.В., Полывянный И.Р., Зазубин А.И., Есютин В.С. 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