<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2021-5-50-57</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1287</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металлургия редких и благородных металлов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Metallurgy of Rare and Precious Metals</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Автоклавное растворение платиновых металлов в солянокислых окислительных средах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Autoclave dissolution of platinum metals in hydrochloric acid oxidizing media</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Докт. хим. наук, проф., зав. кафедрой металлургии цветных металлов</p><p>660041, г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chem.), prof., head of the Department of metallurgy of non-ferrous metals</p><p>660041, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnyi pr., 79</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">netmamba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. кафедры металлургии цветных металлов СФУ; докт. хим. наук, вед. науч. сотр. лаборатории гидрометаллургических процессов ИХХТ СО РАН</p><p>660041, г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79</p><p>660036, г. Красноярск, Академгородок, 50/24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. of the Department of metallurgy of non-ferrous metals; Dr. Sci. (Chem.), leading researcher of Laboratory of hydrometallurgical processes</p><p>660041, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnyi pr., 79</p><p>660036, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/24</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ov_bel@icct.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доцент кафедры обогащения полезных ископаемых СФУ; канд. хим. наук, науч. сотр. лаборатории гидрометаллургических процессов</p><p>660041, г. Красноярск, пр. Свободный, 79</p><p>660036, г. Красноярск, Академгородок, 50/24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate prof. of the Department of mineral processing; Cand. Sci. (Chem.), researcher of the Laboratory of hydrometallurgical processes</p><p>660041, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Svobodnyi pr., 79</p><p>660036, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/24</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roma_boris@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акименко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант лаборатории гидрометаллургических процессов</p><p>660036, г. Красноярск, Академгородок, 50/24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student of the Laboratory of hydrometallurgical processes</p><p>660036, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Akademgorodok, 50/24</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akim_aa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский федеральный университет (СФУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский федеральный университет (СФУ); Институт химии и химической технологии (ИХХТ) СО РАН Федерального исследовательского центра «Красноярский научный центр» (ФИЦ КНЦ) СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian Federal University; Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Science Center» of the SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт химии и химической технологии (ИХХТ) СО РАН Федерального исследовательского центра «Красноярский научный центр» (ФИЦ КНЦ) СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences of Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Science Center» of the SB RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Белоусова Н.В., Белоусов О.В., Борисов Р.В., Акименко А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Белоусова Н.В., Белоусов О.В., Борисов Р.В., Акименко А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belousova N.V., Belousov O.V., Borisov R.V., Akimenko A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1287">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1287</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены результаты исследования особенностей процессов растворения металлических платины, родия и иридия в растворах соляной кислоты в гидротермальных автоклавных условиях. В качестве окислителя использован пероксид водорода. Твердые и жидкие фазы приводили в контакт после достижения заданной температуры, что является критически важным при изучении кинетики растворения родиевой черни и платиновой пластинки ввиду высоких скоростей этих процессов. Концентрации металлов в растворах определяли методами атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии и масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно связанной плазмой. Формы нахождения хлорокомплексов родия, иридия и платины в растворах устанавливалиспектрофотометрически. В результате экспериментов определены режимы количественного растворения платиновой пластинки и родия (в виде аффинированного порошка и пластинки) и показано, что при t = 210 °С в среде 6М соляной кислоты с добавкой 5 об.% пероксида водорода иридий, взятый в виде аффинированного порошка, переходит в раствор на 50 % в течение более 50 ч, тогда как платиновая пластинка растворяется полностью при t = 130 °С примерно за 120 мин. Согласно анализу кинетических данных с использованием модели сжимающегося ядра, родиевая чернь и аффинированные порошки родия и иридия растворяются в автоклавных условиях в кинетическом режиме. Полученные результаты могут применяться как в аналитической химии для количественного определения инертных платиновых металлов, так и в аффинажном производстве для усовершенствования технологии переработки сырья, содержащего металлы платиновой группы (МПГ), и оптимизации подходов к синтезу чистых хлорокомплексных соединений МПГ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper provides the results obtained in the study of the features of metallic platinum, rhodium and iridium dissolution in hydrochloric acid solutions under hydrothermal autoclave conditions. Hydrogen peroxide was used as an oxidizing agent. Solid and liquid phases were brought into contact after reaching a predetermined temperature, which is critically important in the study of rhodium black and platinum plate dissolution kinetics due to the high rates of these processes. The concentrations of metals in solutions were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The forms of rhodium, iridium, and platinum chlorocomplexes in solutions were determined using the spectrophotometric method. As a result of the experiments, the conditions of platinum plate and rhodium quantitative dissolution (in the form of affined powder and a plate) were determined and it was shown that at 210 °C in 6M hydrochloric acid as a medium with the addition of 5 vol.% hydrogen peroxide, iridium taken in the form of affined powder went into the solution by 50 % within more than 50 h, while the platinum plate dissolved completely at 130 °C in about 120 min. Kinetic data analysis using the shrinking core model showed that rhodium black and affined rhodium and iridium powders dissolve under autoclave conditions in a kinetic mode. The results obtained can be used both in analytical chemistry for the quantitative determination of inert platinum metals and in refining production to improve the technology for processing raw materials containing platinum group metals (PGMs) and to optimize approaches to the synthesis of pure chlorocomplex compounds of PGMs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>платиновые металлы</kwd><kwd>автоклавы</kwd><kwd>гидротермальные условия</kwd><kwd>растворение</kwd><kwd>солянокислые среды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>platinum metals</kwd><kwd>autoclaves</kwd><kwd>hydrothermal conditions</kwd><kwd>dissolution</kwd><kwd>hydrochloric acid media</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института химии и химической технологии СО РАН (проект 0287-2021-0014) с использованием оборудования Красноярского регионального центра коллективного пользования ФИЦ КНЦ СО РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was conducted under the government task of the Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (Project 0287-2021-0014) using the Krasnoyarsk regional common use center equipment of the Federal Research Center «Krasnoyarsk Research Center» of the Siberian Branch of the RAS.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буслаева Т.М., Симанова С.А. Состояние платиновых металлов в солянокислых и хлоридных водных растворах. Палладий, платина, родий, иридий. Коорд. химия. 1999. Т. 25. No. 3. С. 165—176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buslaeva T.M., Simanova S.A. State of platinum metals in hydrochlorideacidic and chlorides solutions. Palladium, platinum, rhodium and iridium. Russ. J. Coord. Chem. 1999. Vol. 25. No.3. P. 151—162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mpinga C.N., Eksteen J.J., Aldrich C., Dyer L. Direct leach approaches to Platinum Group Metal (PGM) ores and concentrates: A review. Miner. Eng. 2015. No. 78. P. 93— 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.04.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mpinga C.N., Eksteen J.J., Aldrich C., Dyer L. Direct leach approaches to Platinum Group Metal (PGM) ores and concentrates: A review. Miner. Eng. 2015. No. 78. P. 93— 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.04.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahu P., Jena M.S., Mandre N.R., Venugopal R. Platinum group elements mineralogy, beneficiation, and extraction practices — An overview. Miner. Process. Extract. Metall. Rev. 2020. P. 1—14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2020.1795848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahu P., Jena M.S., Mandre N.R., Venugopal R. Platinum group elements mineralogy, beneficiation, and extraction practices — An overview. Miner. Process. Extract. Metall. Rev. 2020. P. 1—14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08827508.2020.1795848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gökelma M., Birich A., Stopic S., Friedrich B. A review on alternative gold recovery re-agents to cyanide. J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng. 2016. Vol. 4. No. 8. P. 8—17. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2016.48002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gökelma M., Birich A., Stopic S., Friedrich B. A review on alternative gold recovery re-agents to cyanide. J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng. 2016. Vol. 4. No. 8. P. 8—17. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2016.48002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu L., Li S., Liu Q., Deng J., Luo B., Liang Yu., Zhao L., Lai H. Gold recovery from refractory gold concentrates by pressure oxidation pre-treatment and thiosulfate leaching. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 2019. Vol. 55. No. 2. P. 537—551. https://doi.org/10.5277/ppmp18166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu L., Li S., Liu Q., Deng J., Luo B., Liang Yu., Zhao L., Lai H. Gold recovery from refractory gold concentrates by pressure oxidation pre-treatment and thiosulfate leaching. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process. 2019. Vol. 55. No. 2. P. 537—551. https://doi.org/10.5277/ppmp18166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaytsev P.V., Fomenko I.V., Chugaev L.V., Shneerson Ya.M. Pressure oxidation of double refractory raw materials in the presence of limestone. Tsvetnye Metally. 2015. No. 8. P. 41—49. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2015.08 .05.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytsev P.V., Fomenko I.V., Chugaev L.V., Shneerson Ya.M. Pressure oxidation of double refractory raw materials in the presence of limestone. Tsvetnye Metally. 2015. No. 8. P. 41—49. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2015.08 .05.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simmon G.L., Baughman D.R., Gathje J.C., Oberg K.C. Pressure oxidation problems and solutions: treating carbonaceous gold ores containing trace amounts of chlorine(halogens). Min. Eng. 1998. Vol. 50. No. 1 . P. 69—73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simmon G.L., Baughman D.R., Gathje J.C., Oberg K.C. Pressure oxidation problems and solutions: treating carbonaceous gold ores containing trace amounts of chlorine(halogens). Min. Eng. 1998. Vol. 50. No. 1 . P. 69—73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding Y., Zhang S., Liu B., Zheng H., Chang C. C., Ekberg C. Recovery of precious metals from electronic waste and spent catalysts: A review. Resources, Conserv., Recycl. 2019. Vol. 141. P. 284—298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding Y., Zhang S., Liu B., Zheng H., Chang C. C., Ekberg C. Recovery of precious metals from electronic waste and spent catalysts: A review. Resources, Conserv., Recycl. 2019. Vol. 141. P. 284—298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Islam A., Ahmed T., Awual M.R., Rahman A., Sultana M., Abd Aziz A., Hasan M. Advances in sustainable approaches to recover metals from e-waste-A review. J. Clean. Product. 2020. Vol. 244. Art. 118815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118815.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Islam A., Ahmed T., Awual M.R., Rahman A., Sultana M., Abd Aziz A., Hasan M. Advances in sustainable approaches to recover metals from e-waste-A review. J. Clean. Product. 2020. Vol. 244. Art. 118815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118815.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salman K., Yen-Peng T. Recycling pathways for platinum group metals from spent automotive catalyst: A review on conventional approaches and bio-processes. Resources, Conserv., Recycl. 2021. Vol. 170. Art. 105558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105588.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salman K., Yen-Peng T. Recycling pathways for platinum group metals from spent automotive catalyst: A review on conventional approaches and bio-processes. Resources, Conserv., Recycl. 2021. Vol. 170. Art. 105558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.105588.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Padamata S.K., Yasinskiy A.S., Polyakov P.V., Pavlov E.A., Varyukhin, D.Y. Recovery of noble metals from spent catalysts: A review. Metall. Mater. Trans. B. 2020. Vol. 51. No. 5. P. 2413—2435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663020-01913-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Padamata S.K., Yasinskiy A.S., Polyakov P.V., Pavlov E.A., Varyukhin, D.Y. Recovery of noble metals from spent catalysts: A review. Metall. Mater. Trans. B. 2020. Vol. 51. No. 5. P. 2413—2435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663020-01913-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oraby E.A., Li H., Eksteen J.J. An alkaline glycine-based leach process of base and precious metals from powdered waste printed circuit boards. Waste Biomass Valoriz. 2020. Vol. 11. No. 8. P. 3897—3909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00780-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oraby E.A., Li H., Eksteen J.J. An alkaline glycine-based leach process of base and precious metals from powdered waste printed circuit boards. Waste Biomass Valoriz. 2020. Vol. 11. No. 8. P. 3897—3909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00780-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batnasan A., Haga K., Shibayama A. Recovery of precious and base metals from waste printed circuit boards using a sequential leaching procedure. JOM. 2018. Vol. 70. No. 2. P. 124—128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2694-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batnasan A., Haga K., Shibayama A. Recovery of precious and base metals from waste printed circuit boards using a sequential leaching procedure. JOM. 2018. Vol. 70. No. 2. P. 124—128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-017-2694-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller J.D., Wan R.Y., Díaz X. Preg-robbing gold ores. In: Gold ore processing. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2016. Р. 885—907. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0444-63658-4.00049-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller J.D., Wan R.Y., Díaz X. Preg-robbing gold ores. In: Gold ore processing. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier, 2016. Р. 885—907. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0444-63658-4.00049-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu G., Wu Y., Tang A., Li B. Recovery of scattered and precious metals from copper anode slime by hydrometallurgy: A review. Hydrometallurgy. 2020. Vol. 197. Art. 105460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu G., Wu Y., Tang A., Li B. Recovery of scattered and precious metals from copper anode slime by hydrometallurgy: A review. Hydrometallurgy. 2020. Vol. 197. Art. 105460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Upadhyay A., Lee J.-C., Kim E., Kim M.S., Kim B.Su., Kumar V. Leaching of platinum group metals (PGMs) from spent automotive catalyst using electro-generated chlorine in HCl solution. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2013. Vol. 88. P. 1991—1999. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Upadhyay A., Lee J.-C., Kim E., Kim M.S., Kim B.Su., Kumar V. Leaching of platinum group metals (PGMs) from spent automotive catalyst using electro-generated chlorine in HCl solution. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2013. Vol. 88. P. 1991—1999. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lobko S.V., Kuzas E.A., Naboychenko S.S., Voinov V.N. Electrochlorination of secondary raw materials containing precious metals using a volumetric current supply. Tsvetnye Metally. 2017. No. 3. P. 45—49. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2017.03.07.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lobko S.V., Kuzas E.A., Naboychenko S.S., Voinov V.N. Electrochlorination of secondary raw materials containing precious metals using a volumetric current supply. Tsvetnye Metally. 2017. No. 3. P. 45—49. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2017.03.07.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belousov O.V., Belousova N.V., Borisov R.V., Ryumin A.I. Extraction of trace elements from platinum group metal concentrates in hydrothermal conditions. Tsvetnye Metally. 2021. No. 6. P. 23—30. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2021.06.03.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousov O.V., Belousova N.V., Borisov R.V., Ryumin A.I. Extraction of trace elements from platinum group metal concentrates in hydrothermal conditions. Tsvetnye Metally. 2021. No. 6. P. 23—30. https://doi.org/10.17580/tsm.2021.06.03.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belousov O.V., Ryumin A.I., Belousova N.V., Borisov R.V., Grizan N.V., Lobanova O.N. Leaching of impurities from poor intermediate products of refining production in autoclave conditions. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2020. Vol. 93. No 7. P. 1054—1058. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427220070162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousov O.V., Ryumin A.I., Belousova N.V., Borisov R.V., Grizan N.V., Lobanova O.N. Leaching of impurities from poor intermediate products of refining production in autoclave conditions. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2020. Vol. 93. No 7. P. 1054—1058. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427220070162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xingxiang F., Yunan Y., Lin T., Yongjia L., Sen Y., Songyuan Z., Zhihong Y., Ni Y., Fabin Z. Kinetics research on rhenium of the waste platinum-rhenium catalyst under pressure oxygen leaching. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018. Vol. 439. No. 2. Art. 022009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/439/2/022009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xingxiang F., Yunan Y., Lin T., Yongjia L., Sen Y., Songyuan Z., Zhihong Y., Ni Y., Fabin Z. Kinetics research on rhenium of the waste platinum-rhenium catalyst under pressure oxygen leaching. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018. Vol. 439. No. 2. Art. 022009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/439/2/022009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodgson A.P.J., Jarvis K.E., Grimes R.W., Marsden O.J. Development of an iridium dissolution method for the evaluation of potential radiological device materials. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2016. Vol. 307. No. 3. P. 2181—2186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4381-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodgson A.P.J., Jarvis K.E., Grimes R.W., Marsden O.J. Development of an iridium dissolution method for the evaluation of potential radiological device materials. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2016. Vol. 307. No. 3. P. 2181—2186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4381-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohanty U.S., Kalliomäki T., Seisko S., Peng C., Rintala L., Halli P., Aroma J., Taskinen P., Lundström M. Dissolution of copper and nickel from nickel-rich anode slimes under oxidized pressure leaching. Miner. Process. Extract. Metall. 2019. P. 1—10. https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2019.1670008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohanty U.S., Kalliomäki T., Seisko S., Peng C., Rintala L., Halli P., Aroma J., Taskinen P., Lundström M. Dissolution of copper and nickel from nickel-rich anode slimes under oxidized pressure leaching. Miner. Process. Extract. Metall. 2019. P. 1—10. https://doi.org/10.1080/25726641.2019.1670008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y., Gao W., Xu B., Li Q., Jiang T. Study on oxygen pressure thiosulfate leaching of gold without the catalysis of copper and ammonia. Hydrometallurgy. 2019. Vol. 187. P. 71—80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.05.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y., Gao W., Xu B., Li Q., Jiang T. Study on oxygen pressure thiosulfate leaching of gold without the catalysis of copper and ammonia. Hydrometallurgy. 2019. Vol. 187. P. 71—80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.05.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ubaldini S. Leaching kinetics of valuable metals. Metals. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ubaldini S. Leaching kinetics of valuable metals. Metals. 2021. Vol. 11. No. 1. P. 173. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belousova N.V., Belousov O.V., Borisov R.V., Grizan N.V. Specific features of dissolution of metallic rhodium in acid oxidative media under hydrothermal conditions. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2019. Vol. 92. No. 8. P. 1102—1106. https://doi.org/10.1134/S107042721908007X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belousova N.V., Belousov O.V., Borisov R.V., Grizan N.V. Specific features of dissolution of metallic rhodium in acid oxidative media under hydrothermal conditions. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2019. Vol. 92. No. 8. P. 1102—1106. https://doi.org/10.1134/S107042721908007X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borisov R.V., Belousov O.V., Dorokhova L.I., Zhizhaev A.M. Features of fine iridium powders dissolution in acidic media. J. Sib. Federal Univ. Chemistry. 2017. Vol. 3. No. 10. P. 325—332. https://doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-0029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisov R.V., Belousov O.V., Dorokhova L.I., Zhizhaev A.M. Features of fine iridium powders dissolution in acidic media. J. Sib. Federal Univ. Chemistry. 2017. Vol. 3. No. 10. P. 325—332. https://doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-0029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борисов Р.В., Белоусов О.В., Иртюго Л.А. Термостимулированные превращения высокодисперсных порошков металлов платиновой группы в атмосфере аргона. Журн. физ. химии. 2014. Т. 88. No. 10. С. 1542— 1548.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisov R.V., Belousov O.V., Irtyugo L.A. Thermostimulated transformations of highly disperse powders of platinum group metals in an argon atmosphere. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A. 2014. Vol. 88. No. 10. P. 1732—1738. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036024414100069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levenspiel O. Chemical reaction engineering. 2nd ed. N.Y.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levenspiel O. Chemical reaction engineering. 2nd ed. N.Y.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hidalgoa T., Kuharb L., Beinlicha A., Putnisa A. Kinetics and mineralogical analysis of copper dissolution from a bornite/chalcopyrite composite sample in ferric-chloride and methanesulfonic-acid solutions. Hydrometallurgy. 2019. Vol. 188. P. 140—156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.06.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hidalgoa T., Kuharb L., Beinlicha A., Putnisa A. Kinetics and mineralogical analysis of copper dissolution from a bornite/chalcopyrite composite sample in ferric-chloride and methanesulfonic-acid solutions. Hydrometallurgy. 2019. Vol. 188. P. 140—156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.06.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li M., Wei Ch., Qiu Sh., Zhou X., Li C., Deng Zh. Kinetics of vanadium dissolution from black shale in pressure acid leaching. Hydrometallurgy. 2010. Vol. 104. P. 193—200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.06.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li M., Wei Ch., Qiu Sh., Zhou X., Li C., Deng Zh. Kinetics of vanadium dissolution from black shale in pressure acid leaching. Hydrometallurgy. 2010. Vol. 104. P. 193—200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.06.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ju Zh.-J., Wang Ch.-Y., Yin F. Dissolution kinetics of vanadium from black shale by activated sulfuric acid leaching in atmosphere pressure. Int. J. Min. Process. 2015. Vol. 138. P. 1—5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2015.03.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ju Zh.-J., Wang Ch.-Y., Yin F. Dissolution kinetics of vanadium from black shale by activated sulfuric acid leaching in atmosphere pressure. Int. J. Min. Process. 2015. Vol. 138. P. 1—5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2015.03.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
