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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ "МИСИС"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2021-1-36-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1219</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обработка металлов давлением</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Pressure Treatment of Metals</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование напряженно-деформированного состояния и трансформации микроструктуры медных электротехнических шин в очаге деформации при непрерывном прессовании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of the stress-strain state and microstructure transformation of copper busbars in the deformation zone during continuous extrusion</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошмин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshmin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, инженер кафедры обработки металлов давлением</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, engineer of the Department of metal forming</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">koshmin.an@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновьев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinoviev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. техн. наук, проф. кафедры обработки металлов давлением</p><p>119991, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), prof. of the Department of metal forming</p><p>119991, Russia, Moscow, Leninskii pr., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinovyew@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Часников</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chasnikov</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. техн. наук, проф., советник ген. директора</p><p>196655, г. Санкт-Петербург, г. Колпино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), prof., advisor to general director</p><p>196655, Russia, St. Petersburg, Kolpino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ac1945@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ген. директор</p><p>196655, г. Санкт-Петербург, г. Колпино</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>general director</p><p>196655, Russia, St. Petersburg, Kolpino</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glebgrachev@svelen.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет (НИТУ) «МИСиС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology (NUST) «MISIS»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Свелен»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>«Svelen» Ltd.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кошмин А.Н., Зиновьев А.В., Часников А.Я., Грачев Г.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кошмин А.Н., Зиновьев А.В., Часников А.Я., Грачев Г.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koshmin A.N., Zinoviev A.V., Chasnikov A.Y., Grachev G.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1219">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1219</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполнено комплексное исследование особенностей протекания физико-механических процессов в металле в очаге деформации при непрерывном прессовании прямоугольных шин размером 10×60 мм из меди М1б. С применением компьютерного моделирования по методу конечных элементов получены значения энергосиловых параметров процесса экструдирования. Отмечено, что рост значений момента и усилия происходит вплоть до заполнения металлом пространства пресс-камеры, достигая максимумов 12,26 кН·м и 1,54 МН соответственно. В результате анализа напряженно-деформированного состояния металла в очаге деформации получены поля распределений накопленной степени деформации, интенсивности скоростей деформации и средних напряжений, а также построен график изменения температуры металла во времени в процессе экструдирования. Наибольший уровень накопленной степени деформации и сжимающих напряжений наблюдается в зоне контакта заготовки с упором пресс-контейнера. Там же отмечается наиболее интенсивный деформационный разогрев металла. Сопоставление результатов моделирования и микроструктурного исследования свидетельствует о том, что значительная часть работы по измельчению литой структуры происходит на входе в очаг деформации и в области упора, где действует наивысший уровень напряжений сжатия. Деформация металла при прохождении матрицы приводит к формированию ориентированной кристаллической структуры с размером зерен 25–30 мкм. Результаты измерения твердости образцов хорошо согласуются с результатами анализа структуры в исследованных областях очага деформации. При прохождении заготовки участка упора пресс-контейнера происходит деформационный разогрев, что приводит к снижению твердости с 93 до 67 HV. После прохождения металла через матрицу в нем про- должаются процессы рекристаллизации, приводящие к незначительному росту размеров зерен и, соответственно, снижению твердости с 79 до 74 HV, продолжающемуся до момента контакта шины с охлаждающей средой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper describes an extensive study of features peculiar to physical and mechanical processes occurring in metal in the deformation zone during the continuous extrusion of Cu-ETP rectangular busbars 10×60 mm in size. Finite element computer simulation was used to obtain the values of extrusion power parameters. It was noted that moment and force values increase to the point of filling the press chamber free space with metal reaching a maximum of 12.26 kN·m and 1.54 MN, respectively. The stress-strain state analysis of metal in the deformation zone made it possible to obtain distribution fields of accumulated plastic strain, strain rate intensity and average stresses, and to build the graph of metal temperature variation over time during extrusion. Maximum levels of accumulated plastic strain and compressive stresses are observed in the contact zone of the workpiece with the press container abutment. The most intense metal deformation heating also occurs there. The comparison of modeling and microstructural study results indicate that a significant portion of the cast structure grinding work occurs at the entrance to the deformation zone and at the abutment zone subjected to the highest level of compression stresses. Metal deformation during the die passage leads to an oriented crystal structure formed with a grain size of 25–30 μm. Sample hardness measurement results are consistent with the results of structure analysis in the studied areas of the deformation zone. When the workpiece passes through the compression container abutment section, deformation heating occurs, which leads to a decrease in hardness from 93 to 67 HV. After the metal passes through the die, recrystallization processes continue in it leading to a slight increase in grain size and, accordingly, a decrease in hardness from 79 to 74 HV, which continues until the busbar contacts a cooling medium.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медь</kwd><kwd>непрерывная экструзия</kwd><kwd>Конформ</kwd><kwd>конечно-элементное моделирование</kwd><kwd>очаг деформации</kwd><kwd>напряженно-деформированное состояние</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>copper</kwd><kwd>continuous extrusion</kwd><kwd>CONFORM</kwd><kwd>finite element modelling</kwd><kwd>deformation zone</kwd><kwd>stress-strain state</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis J.R. Copper and copper alloys. OH: ASM International, 2003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis J.R. 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