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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2020-5-33-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1180</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металлургия редких и благородных металлов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Metallurgy of Rare and Precious Metals</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Короткий фторидный цикл в технологии вольфрама</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Short fluoride cycle in tungsten technology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. техн. наук, проф., президент</p><p>105005, г. Москва, ул. 2-я Бауманская, 9/23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), prof., president</p><p>105005, Moscow, Second Bauman str., 9/23</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stapm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. техн. наук, первый зам. ген. директора</p><p>141079, Московская обл., г. Королев, ул. Пионерская, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), first deputy of general director</p><p>141079, Moscow region, Korolev, Pionerskaya str., 4</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a_timofeev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-техническая ассоциация «Порошковая металлургия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific-Technical Association «Powder metallurgy»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Композит»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC «Kompozite»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Королев Ю.М., Тимофеев А.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королев Ю.М., Тимофеев А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korolev Y.M., Timofeev A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1180">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1180</self-uri><abstract><p>Установлено, что при электрохимическом растворении вольфрамового анода в расплаве кислых фторидов щелочных металлов (K,Na)H2F3 и фтористого водорода при температуре t ~ 37 °C выделяющийся атомарный фтор полностью реагирует с вольфрамом с образованием гексафторида вольфрама (WF6). Последний растворяется в расплаве, образуя комплексные соединения (K,Na)2WF8 и (K,Na)WF7, что сопровождается повышением температуры плавления электролита. Добавка до 23 мол.% LiF и насыщение электролита WF6 снижают температуру его плавления ниже 18 °C, что позволяет в электрохимическом процессе при t = 35÷40 °C и анодной плотности тока 0,3–0,5 А/см2 получить одновременно газообразные WF6 на аноде и H2 на катоде. При газофазном осаждении вольфрама из полученной газообразной смеси со стехиометрическим соотношением компонентов формируются плотные слои при t = 550÷600 °C, а полученный HF улавливается электролитом и используется для получения смеси WF6 + H2 , обеспечивая кругооборот реагентов и отсутствие складируемых отходов. На основе полученных результатов представлен короткий фторидный цикл в технологии вольфрама, основанный на двух операциях: электрохимическом синтезе газообразной смеси WF6 + H2 в электролизере с насыпным анодом из фрагментов металлического вольфрама и восстановлении WF6 водородом с улавливанием образующегося HF, позволяющий сократить цепочку технологических аппаратов в цикле почти в 2 раза при соответствующем уменьшении капиталовложений и значительном снижении производственных затрат. Приведена аппаратурно-технологическая схема производственной цепочки для экологически чистого получения вольфрамовой продукции производительностью ~48,5 т/год, которую можно тиражировать и модифицировать для выпуска необходимых изделий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>It was found that when the tungsten anode is electrochemically dissolved in a melt of acidic alkali metal fluorides (K,Na)H2F3 and hydrogen fluoride at t ~ 37 °C, the resulting atomic fluorine reacts completely with tungsten to form tungsten hexafluoride (WF6). The latter dissolves in the melt to form complex compounds (K,Na)2WF8 and (K,Na)WF7, which is accompanied by an increase in the melting electrolyte point. Adding up to 23 mol.% LiF and WF6 electrolyte saturation lower the electrolyte melting point below 18 °C making it possible to obtain simultaneously gaseous WF6 at the anode and H2 at the cathode in an electrochemical process at t = 35÷40 °C and an anode current density of 0.3–0.5 A/cm2. During gas-phase deposition of tungsten, dense layers are formed from the resulting gas-containing mixture with a stoichiometric ratio of components at t = 550÷600 °C, and the resulting HF is captured by an electrolyte and used to produce a mixture of WF6+H2 , ensuring the circulation of reagents and the absence of stored waste. A short fluoride cycle in the tungsten technology is presented based on the results obtained. It uses two operations: electrochemical synthesis of the WF6+H2 gaseous mixture in an electrolyzer with a bulk anode made of metal tungsten fragments, and WF6 reduction by hydrogen with capture the resulting HF. This cycle reduces the chain of process units in the cycle by almost 2 times with a corresponding investment reduction and significant production cost saving. The paper provides process flow diagram of the production chain for environmentally friendly tungsten production with a capacity of ~48.5 tons per year, which can be replicated and modified to produce the necessary products.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вольфрам</kwd><kwd>фтор</kwd><kwd>фторирование</kwd><kwd>гексафторид вольфрама</kwd><kwd>водород</kwd><kwd>восстановление</kwd><kwd>фтористый водород</kwd><kwd>комплексные фториды щелочных металлов</kwd><kwd>электрохимическое растворение</kwd><kwd>кругооборот реагентов</kwd><kwd>экологическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>вольфрамовые изделия</kwd><kwd>производительность</kwd><kwd>энергозатраты</kwd><kwd>себестоимость</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tungsten</kwd><kwd>fluorine</kwd><kwd>fluorination</kwd><kwd>tungsten hexafluoride</kwd><kwd>hydrogen</kwd><kwd>reduction</kwd><kwd>hydrogen fluoride</kwd><kwd>complex alkali metal fluorides</kwd><kwd>electrochemical dissolution</kwd><kwd>reagent cycle</kwd><kwd>ecological safety</kwd><kwd>tungsten products</kwd><kwd>productivity</kwd><kwd>energy consumption</kwd><kwd>cost</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Королев Ю.М. 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