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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cvmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия вузов. Цветная металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0021-3438</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2412-8783</issn><publisher><publisher-name>НИТУ МИСИС</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0021-3438-2019-5-23-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">cvmet-1020</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Металлургия цветных металлов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Metallurgy of Non-Ferrous Metals</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формированиe гарнисажа и настыли в алюминиевом электролизере</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of ledge in aluminum electrolyzer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. техн. наук, директор.</p><p>660025, г. Красноярск, ул. Шелковая, 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Tech.), head.</p><p>660025, Russia, Krasnoyarsk, Shelkovaya str., 10</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eletrk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Канд. хим. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории электродных процессов.</p><p>620990, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Академическая, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.), senior researcher of Laboratory of the electrode processes.</p><p>620990, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Akademicheskaya str., 20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arh@ihte.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант, науч. сотр. лаборатории пирохимических процессов и электрохимических технологий.</p><p>620990, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Академическая, 20</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student, research scientist of Laboratory of pyrochemical processes and electrochemical technologiesm.</p><p>620990, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Akademicheskaya str., 20</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.rudenko@ihte.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачева</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkacheva</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Докт. хим. наук, зав. лабораторией электродных процессов; профессор кафедры технологии электрохимических производств.</p><p>620990, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Академическая, 20</p><p>620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chem.), head of Laboratory of the electrode processes; professor of the Department of electrochemical production technology.</p><p>620990, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Akademicheskaya str., 20</p><p>620002, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Mira str., 19</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.tkacheva@ihte.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайков</surname><given-names>Ю. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaikov</surname><given-names>Yu. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Докт. хим. наук, науч. руководитель; зав. кафедрой электрохимических производств.</p><p>620990, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Академическая, 20</p><p>620002, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chem.), scientific head; head of the Department of electrochemical production technology.</p><p>620990, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Akademicheskaya str., 20</p><p>620002, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Mira str., 19</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaikov@ihte.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-технический центр «Элтер»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Scientific and Technical Centre «Elter»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт высокотемпературной электрохимии (ИВТЭ) УрО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IHTE UB RAS)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт высокотемпературной электрохимии (ИВТЭ) УрО РАН; Уральский федеральный университет (УрФУ) им. первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IHTE UB RAS); Ural Federal University (UrFU) n.a. the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванова А.М., Архипов П.А., Руденко А.В., Ткачева О.Ю., Зайков Ю.П., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванова А.М., Архипов П.А., Руденко А.В., Ткачева О.Ю., Зайков Ю.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanova A.M., Arkhipov P.A., Rudenko A.V., Tkacheva O.Y., Zaikov Y.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1020">https://cvmet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/1020</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведено экспериментальное исследование динамического поведения (образования/растворения) гарнисажа и настыли в зависимости от температуры перегрева электролита, теплового сопротивления материала футеровки и состава криолит-глиноземного электролита с использованием модельной установки, имитирующей реальные условия электролитического получения алюминия. В переднюю стенку корпуса установки было вмонтировано окно, позволяющее менять материал футеровки. Формирование гарнисажа и настыли происходит за счет теплового потока, создаваемого вследствие разности температур электролита и стенок электролизера. Криолитовое отношение электролита (КО) варьировали в интервале 2,1–2,5. Концентрация глинозема в электролите не превышала 4,5 мас.%. Изменение формы рабочего пространства в электролизере в течение электролиза определяли по толщине образующихся гарнисажа и настыли. Активное формирование гарнисажа в экспериментальной ячейке начинается при перегреве 3–4 град. Показано, что при снижении теплового сопротивления материала футеровки с 16 до 14 м2/Вт при одной и той же температуре перегрева образуется гарнисаж с большей толщиной, однако при сформированном гарнисаже уменьшение теплового сопротивления практически не сказывается на его толщине. Так же как и в промышленном электролизере, профиль гарнисаж–настыль, сформированный в экспериментальной ячейке, можно условно разделить на три зоны: настыль; гарнисаж на границе металл/электролит; гарнисаж. Динамическое поведение гарнисажа отличается от поведения настыли: при более высоком КО электролита толщина образующегося гарнисажа больше, а настыли – меньше. Химический анализ компонентов в образцах сухой выбойки показал, что КО и концентрации Al2O3 возрастают по высоте ячейки сверху вниз. Сделан вывод о том, что гарнисаж имеет гетерогенный состав, зависящий от состава электролита и скорости охлаждения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A model unit simulating the actual conditions of electrolytic aluminum production was used to conduct an experimental study of ledge to determine its dynamic behavior (formation/dissolution) depending on the electrolyte overheating temperature, lining thermal resistance and cryolite-alumina electrolyte composition. A window was mounted in the front wall of the unit housing to change the lining material. Ledge is formed due to the heat flow generated by the temperature difference between the electrolyte and electrolyzer walls. The electrolyte cryolite ratio (CR) varied in the range of 2.1–2.5. The alumina concentration in the electrolyte did not exceed 4.5 wt.%. Shape change in the electrolyzer working space during electrolysis was determined by the thickness of the formed ledge on the walls and bottom. The dynamic ledge formation in the experimental cell begins at the overheating of 3–4 degrees. It was found that with a decrease in the thermal resistance of the lining material from 16 to 14 m2/W at the same overheating temperature, the side ledge with a greater thickness was formed, however, the decrease in the thermal resistance hardly affected its thickness when the ledge has been already formed. As in the industrial electrolyzer, the ledge profile formed in the experimental cell can be conditionally divided into three zones: bottom ledge, metal/electrolyte interface ledge and side ledge. The dynamic behavior of the side ledge was different from the bottom ledge: the higher the CR, the thicker the side ledge and the thinner the bottom ledge. Chemical analysis of components in the dry knockout showed that the CR and Al2O3 concentration increase throughout the cell height from top to bottom. It was concluded that the side ledge has a heterogeneous composition depending on the electrolyte composition and cooling rate.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гарнисаж</kwd><kwd>настыль</kwd><kwd>алюминиевый электролизер</kwd><kwd>криолитовое отношение</kwd><kwd>температура ликвидуса</kwd><kwd>форма рабочего пространства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>side ledge</kwd><kwd>bottom ledge</kwd><kwd>aluminum electrolyzer</kwd><kwd>cryolite ratio</kwd><kwd>liquidus temperature</kwd><kwd>working space shape</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сизяков В.М., Фещенко Р.Ю., Бажин В.Ю., Патрин Р.К., Сизяков В.М. Особенности разрушения подины высокоамперного электролизера. Новые огнеупоры. 2013. No. 5. С. 5—8. Sizyakov V.M., Feshchenko R.Yu., Bazhin V.Yu., Patrin R.K., Sizyakov V.M. 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